A number of big names from the Fed – Kenechukwu Anadu, Mathias Kruttli, Patrick E. McCabe, Emilio Osambela and Chaehee Shin – have published a working paper titled The Shift From Active to Passive Investing: Potential Risks to Financial Stability?:
The past couple of decades have seen a significant shift in assets from active to passive investment strategies. We examine the potential effects of this shift on financial stability through four different channels: (1) effects on investment funds’ liquidity transformation and redemption risks; (2) passive strategies that amplify market volatility; (3) increases in asset-management industry concentration; and (4) the effects on valuations, volatility, and co-movement of assets that are included in indexes. Overall, the shift from active to passive investment strategies appears to be increasing some types of risk while diminishing others: The shift has probably reduced liquidity transformation risks, although some passive strategies amplify market volatility, and passive-fund growth is increasing asset-management industry concentration. We find mixed evidence that passive investing is contributing to the co-movement of assets. Finally, we use our framework to assess how financial stability risks are likely to evolve if the shift to passive investing continues, noting that some of the repercussions of passive investing ultimately may slow its growth.
The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation has published a summary of the work.
Speaking of the Fed, I learned today that the New York Fed has a webpage titled Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest, which estimates the Natural Rate of Interest in the US as about 0.75% and 0.5% for ‘Advanced Economies’. Canada is estimated at 1.43%.
HIMIPref™ Preferred Indices These values reflect the December 2008 revision of the HIMIPref™ Indices Values are provisional and are finalized monthly |
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Index | Mean Current Yield (at bid) |
Median YTW |
Median Average Trading Value |
Median Mod Dur (YTW) |
Issues | Day’s Perf. | Index Value |
Ratchet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.8679 % | 2,637.3 |
FixedFloater | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.8679 % | 4,839.2 |
Floater | 4.41 % | 4.74 % | 39,947 | 15.89 | 4 | 0.8679 % | 2,788.9 |
OpRet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.2272 % | 3,176.0 |
SplitShare | 4.64 % | 5.26 % | 85,102 | 4.64 | 7 | 0.2272 % | 3,792.9 |
Interest-Bearing | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.2272 % | 2,959.3 |
Perpetual-Premium | 5.58 % | -1.02 % | 128,756 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.5786 % | 2,866.2 |
Perpetual-Discount | 5.77 % | 5.95 % | 73,304 | 13.91 | 33 | 0.1077 % | 2,859.7 |
FixedReset Disc | 4.91 % | 5.53 % | 186,234 | 14.64 | 66 | 0.0703 % | 2,280.7 |
Deemed-Retractible | 5.53 % | 7.60 % | 87,744 | 5.17 | 27 | -0.0234 % | 2,857.1 |
FloatingReset | 4.02 % | 4.83 % | 34,950 | 3.00 | 7 | 0.0504 % | 2,557.3 |
FixedReset Prem | 5.17 % | 4.37 % | 288,966 | 2.32 | 14 | 0.2100 % | 2,502.8 |
FixedReset Bank Non | 2.98 % | 4.17 % | 122,291 | 2.94 | 6 | 0.0551 % | 2,568.9 |
FixedReset Ins Non | 4.92 % | 7.92 % | 125,621 | 5.22 | 22 | -0.0531 % | 2,287.0 |
Performance Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Change | Notes |
BNS.PR.I | FixedReset Disc | -2.04 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 22.31 Evaluated at bid price : 23.08 Bid-YTW : 5.14 % |
HSE.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | -1.72 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.59 Evaluated at bid price : 20.59 Bid-YTW : 6.85 % |
BIP.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | -1.70 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.80 Evaluated at bid price : 20.80 Bid-YTW : 6.81 % |
BAM.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | -1.40 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 17.65 Evaluated at bid price : 17.65 Bid-YTW : 6.18 % |
ELF.PR.H | Perpetual-Discount | -1.38 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 23.11 Evaluated at bid price : 23.55 Bid-YTW : 5.91 % |
GWO.PR.M | Deemed-Retractible | -1.33 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Hard Maturity Maturity Date : 2025-01-31 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.43 Bid-YTW : 6.21 % |
BAM.PR.X | FixedReset Disc | -1.29 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 16.04 Evaluated at bid price : 16.04 Bid-YTW : 5.92 % |
TRP.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | -1.23 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.05 Evaluated at bid price : 20.05 Bid-YTW : 6.29 % |
TRP.PR.F | FloatingReset | -1.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 16.75 Evaluated at bid price : 16.75 Bid-YTW : 5.40 % |
CGI.PR.D | SplitShare | -1.01 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Soft Maturity Maturity Date : 2023-06-14 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.55 Bid-YTW : 4.18 % |
EMA.PR.F | FixedReset Disc | 1.05 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.17 Evaluated at bid price : 20.17 Bid-YTW : 6.01 % |
PWF.PR.Q | FloatingReset | 1.09 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 18.55 Evaluated at bid price : 18.55 Bid-YTW : 4.49 % |
BAM.PR.N | Perpetual-Discount | 1.09 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 19.41 Evaluated at bid price : 19.41 Bid-YTW : 6.24 % |
EIT.PR.A | SplitShare | 1.11 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Soft Maturity Maturity Date : 2024-03-14 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.67 Bid-YTW : 5.09 % |
PWF.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | 1.38 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 21.71 Evaluated at bid price : 22.11 Bid-YTW : 5.22 % |
BAM.PF.B | FixedReset Disc | 1.43 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.55 Evaluated at bid price : 20.55 Bid-YTW : 5.98 % |
BMO.PR.E | FixedReset Disc | 1.51 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 22.54 Evaluated at bid price : 23.49 Bid-YTW : 5.24 % |
TD.PF.E | FixedReset Disc | 1.52 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 22.38 Evaluated at bid price : 22.70 Bid-YTW : 5.47 % |
BAM.PR.C | Floater | 1.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 14.80 Evaluated at bid price : 14.80 Bid-YTW : 4.74 % |
HSE.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | 1.77 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 14.39 Evaluated at bid price : 14.39 Bid-YTW : 6.48 % |
BAM.PR.B | Floater | 2.07 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 14.80 Evaluated at bid price : 14.80 Bid-YTW : 4.74 % |
Volume Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Shares Traded |
Notes |
CM.PR.Q | FixedReset Disc | 523,600 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 21.63 Evaluated at bid price : 22.05 Bid-YTW : 5.53 % |
BIP.PR.B | FixedReset Disc | 143,970 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Call Maturity Date : 2020-12-31 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.80 Bid-YTW : 5.73 % |
RY.PR.Z | FixedReset Disc | 113,816 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.85 Evaluated at bid price : 20.85 Bid-YTW : 5.33 % |
BMO.PR.Y | FixedReset Disc | 67,538 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 21.42 Evaluated at bid price : 21.75 Bid-YTW : 5.55 % |
BAM.PF.F | FixedReset Disc | 58,600 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 20.85 Evaluated at bid price : 20.85 Bid-YTW : 6.17 % |
TRP.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | 58,498 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2048-12-03 Maturity Price : 14.90 Evaluated at bid price : 14.90 Bid-YTW : 6.04 % |
There were 34 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares. |
Wide Spread Highlights | ||
Issue | Index | Quote Data and Yield Notes |
CU.PR.E | Perpetual-Discount | Quote: 21.22 – 21.88 Spot Rate : 0.6600 Average : 0.3829 YTW SCENARIO |
ELF.PR.H | Perpetual-Discount | Quote: 23.55 – 24.38 Spot Rate : 0.8300 Average : 0.6085 YTW SCENARIO |
GWO.PR.T | Deemed-Retractible | Quote: 21.98 – 22.55 Spot Rate : 0.5700 Average : 0.4211 YTW SCENARIO |
MFC.PR.O | FixedReset Ins Non | Quote: 25.38 – 25.72 Spot Rate : 0.3400 Average : 0.2134 YTW SCENARIO |
BAM.PF.C | Perpetual-Discount | Quote: 19.90 – 20.38 Spot Rate : 0.4800 Average : 0.3644 YTW SCENARIO |
CGI.PR.D | SplitShare | Quote: 24.55 – 24.96 Spot Rate : 0.4100 Average : 0.3088 YTW SCENARIO |