{"id":8012,"date":"2009-09-24T19:33:58","date_gmt":"2009-09-24T23:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.prefblog.com\/?p=8012"},"modified":"2009-09-24T19:33:58","modified_gmt":"2009-09-24T23:33:58","slug":"why-were-australian-banks-so-resilient","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/?p=8012","title":{"rendered":"Why Were Australian Banks So Resilient?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I will admit that I&#8217;m very unfamiliar with the Australian bank market, but the Reserve Bank of Australia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rba.gov.au\/PublicationsAndResearch\/FinancialStabilityReview\/Sep2009\/Html\/financial_stability_review_0909.html\">has released<\/a> its <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rba.gov.au\/PublicationsAndResearch\/FinancialStabilityReview\/Sep2009\/Pdf\/financial-stability-review-0909.pdf\">September 2009 Financial Stability Review<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A number of interrelated factors have contributed to the relatively strong performance of the Australian banking system in the face of the challenges of the past couple of years. One is that Australian banks typically entered the financial turmoil with only limited direct exposures to the types of securities \u2013 such as CDOs and US sub-prime RMBS \u2013 that led to losses for many banks abroad. Moreover, they have typically not relied on the income streams most affected by recent market conditions: trading income only accounted for around 5 per cent of the major banks\u2019 total income prior to the turmoil. Banks\u2019 wealth management operations have been affected by market developments, but the major banks still reported net income of around $2.3 billion from these activities in the latest half year.<br \/>\nOne reason why Australian banks garnered a relatively low share of their income from trading and securities holdings is that they did not have as much incentive as many banks around the world to seek out higher-yielding, but higher-risk, offshore assets. In turn, this was partly because they were earning solid profits from lending to domestic borrowers, and already required offshore funding for these activities. As a result, Australian banks\u2019 balance sheets are heavily weighted towards domestic loans, particularly to the historically low-risk household sector.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>As discussed in detail in the previous Review, there are several factors that have contributed to the relatively strong outcome in Australia, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u2022 Lending standards were not eased to the same extent as elsewhere. For example, riskier types of mortgages, such as non-conforming and negative amortisation loans, that became common in the United States, were not features of Australian banks\u2019 lending.\n<li> \u2022 The level of interest rates in Australia did not reach the very low levels that had made it temporarily possible for many borrowers with limited repayment ability to obtain loans, as in some other countries.\n<li> \u2022 All Australian mortgages are \u2018full recourse\u2019 following a court repossession action, and households generally understand that they cannot just hand in the keys to the lender to extinguish the debt.\n<li> \u2022 The legal environment in Australia places a stronger obligation on lenders to make responsible lending decisions than is the case in the United States.\n<li> \u2022 The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) has been relatively proactive in its approach to prudential supervision, conducting several stress tests of ADIs\u2019 housing loan portfolios and strengthening the capital requirements for higher-risk housing loans.<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Australian housing stress-tests of 2003 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prefblog.com\/?p=1189\">have been discussed on PrefBlog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Capitalization is also good:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The Australian banking system remains soundly capitalised.The sector\u2019s Tier 1 capital ratio rose by 1.3 percentage points over the 12 months to June 2009 to 8.6 per cent, its highest level in over a decade (Graph 37). In contrast, the Tier 2 capital ratio has fallen by around 0.7 percentage points over the same period, mainly because term subordinated debt declined. As a result of these developments, the banking system\u2019s total capital ratio has risen by almost 0.7 percentage points over the past year, to stand at 11.3 per cent as at June 2009. A similar pattern has been evident in a simpler measure of leverage \u2013 the ratio of ordinary shares to (unweighted) assets \u2013 which has risen by around half a percentage point over the past six months. The credit union and building society sectors are also well capitalised, with aggregate total capital ratios of 16.4 per cent and 15 per cent.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.prefblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/09\/australianbanks.jpg\"><\/div>\n<blockquote><p>In response to falling profits, many banks have cut their dividends (Graph 39). Despite these lower dividends, the major banks\u2019 dividend payout ratio increased to around 80 per cent over the past year.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>Most banks are endeavouring to increase their share of funding from deposits, in response to markets\u2019 increased focus on funding liquidity risk. For some of the smaller banks, it is also because of a lack of alternative funding options, given the difficulties in the securitisation market. These factors have led to strong competition for deposits, especially for term deposits, and deposit spreads have widened. For instance, the average rate paid by the major banks on their term deposit \u2018specials\u2019 is currentlyaround 175 basis points above the 90-day bank bill rate, compared to about 75 basis points as at end December 2008.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I&#8217;m not sure just what a &#8220;special&#8221; might be &#8230; can any Australians elucidate the matter? I assume that a &#8220;bank bill&#8221; is essentially a bearer deposit note, but confirmation would be appreciated.<\/p>\n<p>After the review of the current environment, there is a discussion of <u>The International Regulatory Agenda and Australia<\/u>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>As noted in The Australian Financial System chapter, following the capital raisings by the Australian banks this year, the Tier 1 capital ratio for the banking system is at its highest level in over a decade. In addition, APRA\u2019s existing prudential standard requires that the highest form of capital (such as ordinary shares and retained earnings) must account for at least 75 per cent of Tier 1 capital (net of deductions); other components, such as non-cumulative preference shares, are limited to a maximum of 25 per cent. In some other countries this split has been closer to 50:50.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The old Canadian standard was 75%; after <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prefblog.com\/?p=1680\">relaxing to 70% in January 2008<\/a>, OSFI <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prefblog.com\/?p=3900\">debased capital quality requirements in November 2008<\/a> to 60%.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I will admit that I&#8217;m very unfamiliar with the Australian bank market, but the Reserve Bank of Australia has released its September 2009 Financial Stability Review: A number of interrelated factors have contributed to the &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interesting-external-papers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8012\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prefblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}