December 3, 2018

A number of big names from the Fed – Kenechukwu Anadu, Mathias Kruttli, Patrick E. McCabe, Emilio Osambela and Chaehee Shin – have published a working paper titled The Shift From Active to Passive Investing: Potential Risks to Financial Stability?:

The past couple of decades have seen a significant shift in assets from active to passive investment strategies. We examine the potential effects of this shift on financial stability through four different channels: (1) effects on investment funds’ liquidity transformation and redemption risks; (2) passive strategies that amplify market volatility; (3) increases in asset-management industry concentration; and (4) the effects on valuations, volatility, and co-movement of assets that are included in indexes. Overall, the shift from active to passive investment strategies appears to be increasing some types of risk while diminishing others: The shift has probably reduced liquidity transformation risks, although some passive strategies amplify market volatility, and passive-fund growth is increasing asset-management industry concentration. We find mixed evidence that passive investing is contributing to the co-movement of assets. Finally, we use our framework to assess how financial stability risks are likely to evolve if the shift to passive investing continues, noting that some of the repercussions of passive investing ultimately may slow its growth.

The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation has published a summary of the work.

Speaking of the Fed, I learned today that the New York Fed has a webpage titled Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest, which estimates the Natural Rate of Interest in the US as about 0.75% and 0.5% for ‘Advanced Economies’. Canada is estimated at 1.43%.

HIMIPref™ Preferred Indices
These values reflect the December 2008 revision of the HIMIPref™ Indices

Values are provisional and are finalized monthly
Index Mean
Current
Yield
(at bid)
Median
YTW
Median
Average
Trading
Value
Median
Mod Dur
(YTW)
Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.8679 % 2,637.3
FixedFloater 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.8679 % 4,839.2
Floater 4.41 % 4.74 % 39,947 15.89 4 0.8679 % 2,788.9
OpRet 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.2272 % 3,176.0
SplitShare 4.64 % 5.26 % 85,102 4.64 7 0.2272 % 3,792.9
Interest-Bearing 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.2272 % 2,959.3
Perpetual-Premium 5.58 % -1.02 % 128,756 0.08 2 0.5786 % 2,866.2
Perpetual-Discount 5.77 % 5.95 % 73,304 13.91 33 0.1077 % 2,859.7
FixedReset Disc 4.91 % 5.53 % 186,234 14.64 66 0.0703 % 2,280.7
Deemed-Retractible 5.53 % 7.60 % 87,744 5.17 27 -0.0234 % 2,857.1
FloatingReset 4.02 % 4.83 % 34,950 3.00 7 0.0504 % 2,557.3
FixedReset Prem 5.17 % 4.37 % 288,966 2.32 14 0.2100 % 2,502.8
FixedReset Bank Non 2.98 % 4.17 % 122,291 2.94 6 0.0551 % 2,568.9
FixedReset Ins Non 4.92 % 7.92 % 125,621 5.22 22 -0.0531 % 2,287.0
Performance Highlights
Issue Index Change Notes
BNS.PR.I FixedReset Disc -2.04 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 22.31
Evaluated at bid price : 23.08
Bid-YTW : 5.14 %
HSE.PR.G FixedReset Disc -1.72 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.59
Evaluated at bid price : 20.59
Bid-YTW : 6.85 %
BIP.PR.A FixedReset Disc -1.70 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.80
Evaluated at bid price : 20.80
Bid-YTW : 6.81 %
BAM.PR.T FixedReset Disc -1.40 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 17.65
Evaluated at bid price : 17.65
Bid-YTW : 6.18 %
ELF.PR.H Perpetual-Discount -1.38 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 23.11
Evaluated at bid price : 23.55
Bid-YTW : 5.91 %
GWO.PR.M Deemed-Retractible -1.33 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.43
Bid-YTW : 6.21 %
BAM.PR.X FixedReset Disc -1.29 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 16.04
Evaluated at bid price : 16.04
Bid-YTW : 5.92 %
TRP.PR.G FixedReset Disc -1.23 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.05
Evaluated at bid price : 20.05
Bid-YTW : 6.29 %
TRP.PR.F FloatingReset -1.06 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 16.75
Evaluated at bid price : 16.75
Bid-YTW : 5.40 %
CGI.PR.D SplitShare -1.01 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Soft Maturity
Maturity Date : 2023-06-14
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.55
Bid-YTW : 4.18 %
EMA.PR.F FixedReset Disc 1.05 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.17
Evaluated at bid price : 20.17
Bid-YTW : 6.01 %
PWF.PR.Q FloatingReset 1.09 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 18.55
Evaluated at bid price : 18.55
Bid-YTW : 4.49 %
BAM.PR.N Perpetual-Discount 1.09 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 19.41
Evaluated at bid price : 19.41
Bid-YTW : 6.24 %
EIT.PR.A SplitShare 1.11 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Soft Maturity
Maturity Date : 2024-03-14
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.67
Bid-YTW : 5.09 %
PWF.PR.T FixedReset Disc 1.38 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 21.71
Evaluated at bid price : 22.11
Bid-YTW : 5.22 %
BAM.PF.B FixedReset Disc 1.43 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.55
Evaluated at bid price : 20.55
Bid-YTW : 5.98 %
BMO.PR.E FixedReset Disc 1.51 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 22.54
Evaluated at bid price : 23.49
Bid-YTW : 5.24 %
TD.PF.E FixedReset Disc 1.52 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 22.38
Evaluated at bid price : 22.70
Bid-YTW : 5.47 %
BAM.PR.C Floater 1.65 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 14.80
Evaluated at bid price : 14.80
Bid-YTW : 4.74 %
HSE.PR.A FixedReset Disc 1.77 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 14.39
Evaluated at bid price : 14.39
Bid-YTW : 6.48 %
BAM.PR.B Floater 2.07 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 14.80
Evaluated at bid price : 14.80
Bid-YTW : 4.74 %
Volume Highlights
Issue Index Shares
Traded
Notes
CM.PR.Q FixedReset Disc 523,600 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 21.63
Evaluated at bid price : 22.05
Bid-YTW : 5.53 %
BIP.PR.B FixedReset Disc 143,970 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2020-12-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.80
Bid-YTW : 5.73 %
RY.PR.Z FixedReset Disc 113,816 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.85
Evaluated at bid price : 20.85
Bid-YTW : 5.33 %
BMO.PR.Y FixedReset Disc 67,538 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 21.42
Evaluated at bid price : 21.75
Bid-YTW : 5.55 %
BAM.PF.F FixedReset Disc 58,600 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 20.85
Evaluated at bid price : 20.85
Bid-YTW : 6.17 %
TRP.PR.C FixedReset Disc 58,498 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 14.90
Evaluated at bid price : 14.90
Bid-YTW : 6.04 %
There were 34 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares.
Wide Spread Highlights
Issue Index Quote Data and Yield Notes
CU.PR.E Perpetual-Discount Quote: 21.22 – 21.88
Spot Rate : 0.6600
Average : 0.3829

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 21.22
Evaluated at bid price : 21.22
Bid-YTW : 5.82 %

ELF.PR.H Perpetual-Discount Quote: 23.55 – 24.38
Spot Rate : 0.8300
Average : 0.6085

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 23.11
Evaluated at bid price : 23.55
Bid-YTW : 5.91 %

GWO.PR.T Deemed-Retractible Quote: 21.98 – 22.55
Spot Rate : 0.5700
Average : 0.4211

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.98
Bid-YTW : 7.61 %

MFC.PR.O FixedReset Ins Non Quote: 25.38 – 25.72
Spot Rate : 0.3400
Average : 0.2134

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2021-06-19
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 25.38
Bid-YTW : 4.89 %

BAM.PF.C Perpetual-Discount Quote: 19.90 – 20.38
Spot Rate : 0.4800
Average : 0.3644

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2048-12-03
Maturity Price : 19.90
Evaluated at bid price : 19.90
Bid-YTW : 6.22 %

CGI.PR.D SplitShare Quote: 24.55 – 24.96
Spot Rate : 0.4100
Average : 0.3088

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Soft Maturity
Maturity Date : 2023-06-14
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.55
Bid-YTW : 4.18 %

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