PrefBlog

Fascinating developments in High Frequency Trading technology:

Currently, data take 64 milliseconds (give or take a few fractions of an eye blink) to travel round-trip between New York and London along a cable built in 1998 called the AC-1.

According to its New Jersey-based operator, Hibernia Atlantic, the $300 million Project Express will be 5.2 milliseconds faster than the AC-1, with an execution time of 59.6 milliseconds. That will make Project Express the world’s fastest transatlantic cable when it opens in 2013 and the first to achieve round-trip trading speeds of less than 60 milliseconds. Unless someone beats them to it.

As of this morning, it appears someone will. A small company called Perseus Telecom, in partnership with a subsidiary of India’s big telecom company, Reliance Communications, has announced the launch of QuanTA, a fiber-optic cable stretching from Long Island to the U.K. with an expected round-trip execution time of less than 60 milliseconds by the end of 2012.

This must be for arbitrage between Europe & New York – if it was just New York, it would be easier to set up the infrastructure here, with colocation on the Exchange floor.

The Europeans are getting a little testy:

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said balanced budgets are the best answer to the debt crisis, rebuffing French Socialist presidential candidate Francois Hollande’s campaign pledge to reverse Europe’s austerity drive.
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Merkel, who faces two German state elections in May and a national election in the fall of 2013, joined with Sarkozy to craft the euro area’s crisis response over the past year and backed him for re-election. She insisted on the need for austerity today, saying Europe’s “credibility” depends on reducing deficits and debt.

“We’re not saying that saving solves all problems,” she told a conference in Berlin. Still, “you can’t spend more than you take in. You can’t live your whole life this way. Everybody knows this.”

It has become an article of faith that you shouldn’t trust the mainstream Credit Rating Agencies because – gasp! – they’re paid by the issuers. You should choose a investor-pay agency:

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission accused Egan-Jones Ratings Co. and founder Sean Egan of making misrepresentations about the firm’s experience rating asset-backed and government securities in a 2008 application to become a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization.

Egan-Jones falsely claimed in the application that it had about 150 outstanding ABS issuer ratings and 50 government ratings, the SEC said today in an administrative proceeding filed in Washington. At the time of the July 2008 application, the firm hadn’t issued any such ratings and therefore didn’t meet requirements for registration as an NRSRO, the SEC said.

Egan-Jones is one of nine firms registered with the SEC as an NRSRO, which means companies can use their credit ratings to meet regulatory requirements. Egan-Jones is paid by investors.

There’s some more cheerful European bank news:

European lenders, more reliant than ever on emergency aid after borrowing $1.3 trillion from their central bank, may need additional cash infusions until policy makers stem the crisis engulfing Spain and Italy.

After more than 30 bond sales in the first quarter, no bank has sold unsecured debt this month, and the cost of insuring against default has soared to levels last seen in January. Financial stocks, which rallied 20 percent following the European Central Bank’s December decision to provide unlimited three-year loans, are now 2 percent lower since then.

Investors are balking after some lenders used the ECB cash to boost holdings of sovereign debt and governments struggled to rein in deficits. Because banks post collateral in exchange for the ECB loans, the amount unsecured bondholders would get back in a default has shrunk. That has raised funding costs for what Morgan Stanley estimates is about 700 billion euros ($924 billion) of debt lenders must refinance by the end of 2013.

It was a mixed day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualPremiums down 6bp, FixedResets up 6bp and DeemedRetractibles winning 9bp. The Performance Highlights table is comprised entirely of BAM winners, but I don’t think much can be read into that: the PerpetualDiscounts are just bouncing back from a bit of weakness, and the BAM Floaters are the only Floaters in the index. Volume was below average.

Update, 2012-4-25: This post originally reported after-tax yields. The following is pre-tax:

The Dutch government is in disarray:

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte offered to quit, a move that would trigger early elections, as he sought to win parliamentary support for additional budget cuts needed to steer the Netherlands clear of the debt crisis.
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With budget deliberations dragging on since March 5, the fate of Rutte’s minority government was thrown into doubt on April 21 when Wilders and his Freedom Party unexpectedly withdrew its support over how to narrow the shortfall. That prompted Rutte to cite new elections as “an obvious scenario” to try to resolve the deadlock.

In the Netherlands, the euro-area’s fifth biggest economy, the 2013 budget shortfall is currently forecast at 4.6 percent of gross domestic product. To pare it to 3 percent as specified by the European Commission, Rutte needs to find at least 9.5 billion euros of extra cuts to submit to Brussels by April 30.

“The package is way too rigorous and it’s bad for the economy,” Emile Roemer, head of the Socialist Party, which would double its seats to 30 according to latest polls, said in broadcast remarks. “We need to have elections and clarity as soon as possible.”

The opposition Labor Party is willing to cooperate with the government on preparing a complete 2013 budget only if elections are held in September, party leader Diederik Samsom told NOS television April 21. Economic growth is more important than meeting the 3 percent deficit target, Samsom said.

I mentioned a classic example of how investment managers are hired on April 18, 2011. The CalPERS story continues:

The former chief executive of the California Public Employees’ Retirement System was sued by U.S. regulators over claims he defrauded an investment firm into paying $20 million in fees to a friend’s placement agencies.

Federico Buenrostro, who served as Calpers CEO from 2002 to 2008, and his friend Alfred Villalobos, the former deputy mayor of Los Angeles, fabricated documents given to New York-based private-equity firm Apollo Global Management (APO), the Securities and Exchange Commission said today in a lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court in Nevada. California regulators sued the two men in May 2010 over similar claims.
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The documents gave the false impression that Calpers had reviewed and signed placement-agent fee-disclosure letters in accordance with its established procedures, the SEC said. The lawsuit also names Villalobos and his firm ARVCO Capital Research LLC as defendants.

“Buenrostro and Villalobos not only tricked Apollo into paying more than $20 million in placement agent fees it would not otherwise have paid, but also undermined procedures designed to ensure that investors like Calpers have full disclosure of such fees,” John McCoy, associate regional director of the SEC’s Los Angeles office, said in a statement.

DBRS has released the Split Share Funds Quarterly Report – Q1 2012.

It was a mixed, unexciting day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualPremiums down 4bp, FixedResets up 5bp and DeemedRetractibles gaining 1bp. Volatility was muted. Volume was low.

Nothing happened today, so I went to a flamenco show. During an informal question and answer period after the show (you aren’t allowed to merely enjoy anything nowadays, particularly dance: you must show diligence in getting booked up) Ms. Enrique explained that the large fans held by the women were mocking the fans held at one time by the nobility at court, exaggerated for satirical purposes; the long trains on some of the dresses are in the same vein.

Which got me to wondering: how are the rich mocked today? I’m not convinced that they are, at least not in North America, where there is a degree of social mobility lacking in a structured society. We don’t mock their wine cellars – because we all want a 5,000 bottle wine cellar. We don’t mock their private planes – because we all want a private plane. Even rap artists, who one might expect to be the most logical source of mockery, make a big fuss about how wonderful it is to have big cars and drink champagne and all the rest of it. We don’t mock the rich, because they are us. The rich are not like you and me – they have more money!

It was a soft day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualPremiums gaining 3bp, FixedResets losing 16bp and DeemedRetractibles down 11bp. Volatility was good. Volume was heavy, with quite a few issues trading more than 100,000 shares.

There’s a dilemma the politicians are having a problem with: how can you square long-term lending risk with zero short term lender risk? The Europeans are trying hard!

European Union lawmakers are considering rules to protect bank depositors that may stymie two of the main funding sources for the region’s lenders.

The proposals risk limiting how much banks can raise from covered bond sales and European Central Bank loans by placing curbs on the assets they can use for security. The aim is to boost protection for account holders and other creditors.
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Tying up assets in collateralized fundraisings is known as encumbrance and pushes unsecured creditors further back in the queue for payment in a default. Any move to limit secured debt issuance risks hurting banks that have relied on record covered bond sales and the 1 trillion euros ($1.3 trillion) of loans that the ECB has pumped into the system since December.

But getting too cocky about Anglo-Saxon capitalism, remember US efforts to eliminate liquidity:

Wall Street banks will have two years to implement the so-called Volcker rule so long as they make a “good faith” effort to comply with the ban on proprietary trading, U.S. regulators said.

Banks will have the “full two-year period” provided by the Dodd-Frank financial overhaul law to “fully conform” their activities and investments, the Federal Reserve and four other U.S. agencies said in a statement today. The Fed has the authority to extend the period of compliance beyond July 21, 2014, the regulators said.

France and Spain paid up for funding:

France sold 8 billion euros ($10.5 billion) in debt today as risks linked to the French presidential election drove up yields.

The amount sold was at the maximum target set by Agence France Tresor, the country’s debt-management body. France sold 2.7 billion euros of benchmark five-year debt at an average yield of 1.83 percent, up from 1.78 percent on March 15.

Earlier today, Spain sold 2.54 billion euros in two- and 10-year bonds, slightly more than the maximum target of 2.5 billion euros. Borrowing costs rose as Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’s struggles to meet deficit targets.

Scrutiny of both countries is increasing amid the fading effect of the European Central Bank’s longer-term refinancing operation, which injected about 1 trillion euros of liquidity into the region’s financial system. The yield on Spain’s benchmark 10-year bond has jumped about 1 percentage point since the beginning of March to above 6 percent, while the yield on the equivalent French debt has gained more than 10 basis points with Socialist Francois Hollande leading in election polls.

It would seem that the bond market shaves the Spanish barber:

Spain sold 2.54 billion euros ($3.3 billion) of bonds, just above the maximum target for the auction, and its borrowing costs rose. Bonds declined after the sale.

The Treasury sold its 10-year benchmark bond at an average yield of 5.743 percent, compared with 5.789 percent on the secondary market before the sale and 5.403 percent when it last sold them in January. It sold two-year securities at 3.463 percent.

It was a quiet day overall for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualPremiums gaining 7bp, FixedResets up 3bp and DeemedRetractibles off 2bp. Oddly, there was a violent move in the PerpetualDiscount sector – the Performance Highlights table is comprised entirely of three losers of this ilk. However, these three issues were responsible for the entire PerpetualDiscount index move. Volume was below average.

Chapter 4 of the IMF Global Financial Stability Report is a fascinating review of longevity risk:

Private pension providers and governments are particularly exposed to longevity risk and this risk is greatly increased in the current low-interest-rate environment. In line with other estimates in the literature, the analysis in this chapter finds that the liabilities of U.S. pension plans would rise by 9 percent for a three-year increase in longevity. Governments may be even more exposed: many not only sponsor defined benefit pension plans for their employees, but maintain extensive old-age social security systems covering most of the population. In addition, the government is likely liable for the “tail” of longevity risk: in the case of a longevity shock affecting the entire population, the private sector would likely be overwhelmed by the financial consequences. In that case, the losses are likely to be assumed by the government in some way, including through pension fund guarantee schemes that take on the pension liabilities of failing institutions and social security schemes that aim to prevent old age poverty.

However, the section that attracted press attention was Chapter 2: Sovereigns, Banks, and Emerging Ma rkets: Detailed Analysis and Policies:

Looking ahead, many European banks have announced medium-term business plans with reductions in assets amounting to about $2.0 trillion in total.
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The variations in the scale of bank deleveraging across scenarios are mainly driven by differences in the extent of cyclical pressures. Under the complete policies scenario – where cyclical pressures ease – assets are cut back by $2.2 trillion, mostly reflecting banks’ own business plans. By contrast, in the weak policies scenario – where cyclical pressures are stronger – banks reduce assets by $3.8 trillion (Figure 2.27). As cyclical pressures intensify, the impact on EU credit rises disproportionately. This is because with stronger cyclical headwinds, more banks need to work their way further down the deleveraging pecking order when reducing their balance sheets, and so EU and domestic credit is curtailed more.

It was an unexciting day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualPremiums off 1bp, FixedResets flat and DeemedRetractibles down 5bp. A bright spot was the floating rate sector, which again scored a lock-out on the positive side of the Performance Highlights table. Volume was slightly below average.

PerpetualDiscounts now yield 5.18%, equivalent to 6.73% interest at the standard equivalency factor of 1.3x. Long corporates now yield about 4.5% so the pre-tax interest-equivalent spread (in this context, the “Seniority Spread”) is now about 225bp, a marked widening from the 215bp reported April 13.