Issue Comments

SFO.PR.A to Mature on Schedule

Sentry Select has announced:

that, in accordance with its initial terms, the Trust’s capital units and preferred securities will be delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange at the close of business on Monday, November 24, 2008. The delisting of the capital units and preferred securities is being done in preparation for the conversion of the Trust into an open-ended mutual fund (the “Conversion”), which is expected to occur on December 2, 2008. The Trust’s preferred securities will mature prior to the Conversion, on December 1, 2008 (the “Maturity Date”). The Manager currently has sufficient cash on hand to repay the preferred securities and any other payment obligations on the Maturity Date.

It is Sentry Select’s current intention to merge the converted Trust with Sentry Select Canadian Income Fund (“CIF”) in early 2009 (the “Merger”). The Merger would be subject to any applicable unitholder and regulatory approvals. Following the Conversion and until further notice, Sentry Select anticipates that the Trust will pay a monthly distribution of $0.027 per unit, which, based on the net asset value per capital unit of $4.13 at the close of business on November 17, 2008, will provide unitholders with a yield of 7.85%. This yield would be similar to the yield of CIF, which was approximately 7.88% as of the close of business on November 17, 2008.

SFO was mentioned on PrefBlog when dividends on capital units were suspended. SFO.PR.A is not tracked by HIMIPref™.

Issue Comments

CXC.PR.A Proposes Mandate Change

CIX Split Corp. has announced:

that it will seek the approval of its shareholders to change the investment objectives, strategies and restrictions of the Corporation (the “Mandate Change”) to reflect that the Corporation will invest substantially all of its assets in common shares of the corporate successor (“CI Financial”) to CI Financial Income Fund (the “Income Fund”) if the Income Fund is successful in converting to a corporation. On October 15, 2008, the Income Fund announced its intention to convert its structure from an income trust to a corporation at the end of 2008, subject to receipt of all necessary unitholder, court and other approvals.

Currently, the Corporation has invested part of its assets in trust units of the Income Fund and the balance of its assets in a portfolio of common shares of Canadian public companies which, under a forward purchase and sale agreement, the Corporation has agreed to sell to a counterparty for a purchase price calculated by reference to the market value of a reference number of trust units of the Income Fund. As part of the Mandate Change, the Corporation also will complete the early settlement of the sale of its common share portfolio to the counterparty. The Corporation will invest the proceeds from such sale in common shares of CI Financial.

The Mandate Change also will include deleting from the Corporation’s investment objectives respecting its Class A Shares the reference to targeted monthly cash distributions. The Corporation is precluded by the terms of the Class A Shares from paying distributions thereon when the net asset value per unit (one Class A Share and one Priority Equity Share, together) is equal to or less than $15.00. Due to prevailing market conditions, it is no longer realistic for the Corporation to pursue an objective of targeted monthly cash distributions on the Class A Shares.

If the Mandate Change is not approved, the Corporation also will seek the approval of its shareholders to terminate the Corporation on or about December 31, 2008 since the Corporation will be unable to comply with its current investment objectives, strategies and restrictions after the Income Fund completes its reorganization into CI Financial.

A meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation will be held on or about December 23, 2008 to approve either the Mandate Change or the early termination of the Corporation. Shareholders of record at the close of business on November 22, 2008 will be entitled to receive notice of the
meeting. If the Mandate Change is approved and implemented, shareholders who do not wish to continue holding their shares of the Corporation may either dispose of their shares or exercise one of the retraction rights attached to their shares. Shareholders will not have a right under corporate laws to dissent from the Mandate Change.

CXC.PR.A had Asset Coverage of 1.2+:1 as of November 18, according to CI Investments, and closed today at 8.71-00, 1×5, while the capital units closed at 2.52-69.

According to the prospectus:

The following matters require the approval of the holders of Priority Equity Shares and Class A Shares by a two thirds majority vote (other than matters referred to in paragraphs (c), (f) and (g), which require approval of a simple majority vote) at a meeting called and held for such purpose:
(a) a change to the fundamental investment objectives and strategy of the Company;

Each Priority Equity Share and Class A Share will have one vote at such a meeting and will not vote separately as a class in respect of any vote taken (except for a vote in respect of the matters referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), (g) and (h) above and any other matters referred to above if a class is affected by the matter in a manner different from the other classes of shares of the Company). Ten per cent of the outstanding Priority Equity Shares and Class A Shares, as a group, or, where shares of a class vote separately, ten percent of the outstanding shares of that class, represented in person or by proxy at the meeting will constitute a quorum. If no quorum is present, the holders of Priority Equity Shares and Class A Shares then present will constitute a quorum at an adjourned meeting.

Given that monthly retraction rights are:

Holders retracting a Priority Equity Share on a Monthly Retraction Date will be entitled to receive an amount per Priority Equity Share equal to the lesser of: (i) $10.00; and (ii) 96% of the amount, if any, by which the net asset value per Unit on the relevant Monthly Retraction Date exceeds the cost to the Company of acquiring a Class A Share for cancellation. The cost of acquiring a Class A Share will include the price of the Class A Share, commission, and such other costs, if any, related to the partial ettlement of the Forward Agreement to fund such retraction.

… it is clearly in the interest of the preferred shareholders to vote no, have the company wound up and (almost certainly? very probably?) receive par value for their shares.

CXC.PR.A was last mentioned on PrefBlog when distributions to capital unitholders were suspended. CXC.PR.A is not tracked by HIMIPref™.

Issue Comments

FIG.PR.A: Rights Offering for Capital Unitholders Finalized

Faircourt Asset Management has announced:

that the Trust has received a receipt for the final short form prospectus in each of the provinces of Canada in connection with the previously announced distribution of rights to its unitholders (the “Rights Offering”).

Under the Rights Offering, holders of units of the Trust as of November 25, 2008 (the “Record Date”) will receive one right for each trust unit held. Each right will entitle the holder thereof to purchase one trust unit at a price (the “Subscription Price”) of $3.00 per trust unit, being 86.0% of the net asset value of a trust unit as at November 14, 2008 and 93.2% of the volume weighted average price of a trust unit on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) during the five trading days ended November 14, 2008 (both rounded to the nearest cent). The rights may be exercised for a period commencing on November 26, 2008 and ending at 4:00pm (Toronto time) on December 19, 2008.

The Rights will be listed on the TSX under the symbol FIG.RT and will commence trading on November 21, 2008.

Each holder of rights who subscribed for all of the trust units to which the holder is entitled under the basis subscription privilege may subscribe for any number of additional trust units, if available, at a price equal to the Subscription Price for each additional trust unit, subject to
availability.

The Trust will use the net proceeds of this issue to increase capital for investment and reduce leverage associated with the preferred securities of the Trust.

The NAV of the Fund’s Capital Units was $3.07 as of November 17, and there were 0.71 Capital Units per Preferred. Successful completion of the entire offering – by no means a given – would imply asset coverage of 1.4+:1 for the preferreds – still not very good!

New Issues

New Issue: PWF Fixed-Reset, 6.00%+320

Fresh from announcing a new issue for their GWO subsidiary (Fixed Reset, 6.00%+307), Power Financial Corporation has announced a new issue with similar terms:

Issue: Power Financial Corporation Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset First Preferred Shares, Series M.

Size: 6-million shares (@$25.00, =$150-million) + greenshoe 2-million shares (=$50-million)

Dividend: 6% (=$1.50 p.a.) until 2014-1-31, then reset to 5-year Canadas + 320bp. First Dividend $0.62877 payable 2008-4-30 based on closing 2008-11-28. Dividends reset every Exchange Date.

Convertible: Every Exchange Date, to and from Series N [floaters] pay 3-month bills +320bp, reset quarterly.

Exchange Date: 2014-1-31 and every five years thereafter.

Closing: 2008-11-28. Bought Deal. DBRS = Pfd-1(low); S&P = P-1(low)

Holy smokes, we’re drowning in these things!

Update, 2013-12-2: This issue trades as PWF.PR.M

Issue Comments

Quebecor World Preferred Shares : IQW.PR.C & IQW.PR.D

Very strange. I’ve received two inquiries from investors recently via intermediaries regarding Quebecor World preferred shares (IQW.PR.C & IQW.PR.D). There are probably others who are wondering … so I’ll review the situation:

I regret that I must advise that the Quebecor World preferred shares are almost certainly worthless.

Dividends on the preferreds were suspended in November 2007. They entered bankruptcy protection in January after defaulting on an interest payment to senior bonds; an auction held on Credit Default Swaps referencing that debt indicated that the market valued senior bonds at 41.25 cents on the dollar.

The company continues to operate. The next date of interest is December 5, when all claims from creditors must be received but continues to have a negative net worth of about $1-billion.

The company notes:

In light of the Insolvency Proceedings, it is unlikely that the Company’s existing Multiple Voting Shares, Redeemable First Preferred Shares and Subordinate Voting Shares will have any material value following the approval of a Plan. There is a risk such shares could be cancelled.

HIMIPref™ no longer tracks IQW.PR.C or IQW.PR.D, as the low price was causing “sanity checks” in the programming to indicate errors.

Market Action

November 17, 2008

There’s a naked short tempest in the loans market:

At least two fund managers complained verbally to officials of the Loan Syndications and Trading Association, saying they believe Goldman helped drive down prices by using the technique, according to people with knowledge of the objections. New York- based Goldman is acting against its clients by trying to profit at their expense, the investors said.

Well, boo-hoo-hoo. The so-called fund managers are upset because they bought things that went down, and are distressed to hear that their counterparty was Goldman.

They aren’t fund managers. They aren’t investors. They’re mewling little weenies is what they are; they should apologize to their clients, hand in their licenses, get out of the business and go home and play with their dollies.

There is a novel form of reintermediation going on in the States:

American International Group Inc. and GMAC LLC are among money-losing companies whose banking units are paying higher rates than larger rivals to lure depositors, pressuring bank profits needed to offset rising loan losses.

AIG, the insurer bailed out by the U.S. government, and GMAC, the biggest lender to General Motors Corp. car dealers, are offering yields of more than 4 percent for one-year certificates of deposit. Bank of America, the largest U.S. bank by deposits, is paying 2.75 percent, according to its Web site.

The fight for the $7.4 trillion in U.S. deposits is intensifying as companies gain retail-bank status and unprofitable firms seek a lifeline during a worldwide credit crunch. American Express Co., Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley, which have received Federal Reserve approval to become bank-holding companies, may drive the market even higher by paying more to depositors, said David Hendler, a credit analyst at CreditSights Inc. in New York.

So they can’t sell Commercial Paper, therefore they open a bank and take deposits with a FDIC guarantee!

Shell-shocked Assiduous Reader pugwash asked in an unrelated thread:

What happened today – No news and prefs got nailed – is this forced selling by hedge funds etc?

You got me! Long corporates are actually up on the month. I’d be very surprised if it was hedge funds – preferred shares aren’t really their style (I’m still trying to get mine off the ground!). As far as the States is concerned:

Participants in the corporate bond market describe a deadly, dull depressing day. The level of activity from clients was quite subdued.The IG 11 is currently 208/210. It had opened 8 wider this morning on a wide 210214 quote.

Preferreds? Lots of activity, broadly based … I’d say that, for today, preferreds just aren’t fashionable.

Note that these indices are experimental; the absolute and relative daily values are expected to change in the final version. In this version, index values are based at 1,000.0 on 2006-6-30.
The Fixed-Reset index was added effective 2008-9-5 at that day’s closing value of 1,119.4 for the Fixed-Floater index.
Index Mean Current Yield (at bid) Mean YTW Mean Average Trading Value Mean Mod Dur (YTW) Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
Fixed-Floater 4.94% 4.86% 70,187 15.77 6 +0.3487% 1,060.9
Floater 8.40% 8.58% 54,673 10.71 2 -2.0026% 416.5
Op. Retract 5.28% 6.09% 135,591 3.94 15 +0.2395% 1,006.5
Split-Share 6.51% 11.53% 58,649 3.87 12 -1.4730% 916.3
Interest Bearing 8.09% 14.27% 55,933 3.18 3 -1.0947% 878.6
Perpetual-Premium N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Perpetual-Discount 7.12% 7.20% 176,290 12.34 71 -1.7234% 768.3
Fixed-Reset 5.41% 5.08% 913,034 15.16 12 -0.1051% 1,078.0
Major Price Changes
Issue Index Change Notes
FFN.PR.A SplitShare -7.0000% Asset coverage of 1.6-:1 as of October 31, according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 14.24% based on a bid of 6.51 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 6.51-74, 5×1. Day’s range of 6.60-94.
BSD.PR.A InterestBearing -6.0956% Asset coverage of 1.0+:1 as of November 7 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 18.05% based on a bid of 5.70 and a hardMaturity 2015-3-31 at 10.00. Closing quote of 5.70-74, 1×4. Day’s range of 5.70-96.
BNS.PR.K PerpetualDiscount -5.6875% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.11% based on a bid of 17.08 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 17.08-34, 3×3. Day’s range 17.05-18.11.
MFC.PR.C PerpetualDiscount -5.1233% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.52% based on a bid of 15.00 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 15.00-09, 8×1. Day’s range of 15.00-16.25.
BNS.PR.L PerpetualDiscount -5.1146% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.06% based on a bid of 16.14 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 16.14-84, 2×15. Day’s range of 16.20-10.
CL.PR.B PerpetualDiscount -5.0559% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.51% based on a bid of 21.22 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 21.22-50, 5×15. Day’s range of 21.11-22.25.
PWF.PR.I PerpetualDiscount -4.6512% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.41% based on a bid of 20.50 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 20.50-30, 5×6. Day’s range of 21.00-22.50.
CM.PR.H PerpetualDiscount -4.3902% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.76% based on a bid of 15.68 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 15.68-98, 15×7. Day’s range of 15.66-49.
BAM.PR.K Floater -4.2269%  
HSB.PR.C PerpetualDiscount -4.1876% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.58% based on a bid of 17.16 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 17.16-50, 1×9. Day’s range of 17.50-00.
SLF.PR.E PerpetualDiscount -4.0707% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.86% based on a bid of 14.30 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 14.30-40, 2×8. Day’s range of 14.17-15.25.
GWO.PR.G PerpetualDiscount -4.0519% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.47% based on a bid of 17.76 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 17.76-89, 6×4. Day’s range of 17.02-18.55.
BNS.PR.M PerpetualDiscount -4.0118% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.00% based on a bid of 16.27 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 16.27-56, 4X1. Day’s range of 16.50-90.
POW.PR.B PerpetualDiscount -3.6800% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.53% based on a bid of 18.06 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 18.06-56, 1×5. Day’s range of 17.76-18.79.
GWO.PR.I PerpetualDiscount -3.6042% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.81% based on a bid of 14.71 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 14.71-24, 1×4. Day’s range of 14.98-67.
PWF.PR.G PerpetualDiscount -3.4762% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.37% based on a bid of 20.27 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 20.27-79, 3×8. Day’s range of 20.50-79.
CM.PR.J PerpetualDiscount -3.3481% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.45% based on a bid of 15.30 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 15.30-50, 14×10. Day’s range of 15.28-92.
BNS.PR.N PerpetualDiscount -3.2577% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 6.78% based on a bid of 19.60 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 19.60-90, 7×7. Day’s range of 19.54-06.
FTN.PR.A SplitShare -3.2468% Asset coverage of 1.9-:1 as of October 31 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 10.62% based on a bid of 7.45 and a hardMaturity 2015-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 7.45-57, 1X5. Day’s range of 7.27-60.
ELF.PR.F PerpetualDiscount -3.1447% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.76% based on a bid of 15.40 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 15.40-66, 3×6. Day’s range of 15.27-90.
CM.PR.I PerpetualDiscount -3.1365% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.56% based on a bid of 15.75 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 15.75-09, 11X5. Day’s range of 15.90-45.
SLF.PR.A PerpetualDiscount -3.0890% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.99% based on a bid of 14.86 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 14.86-24, 5×19. Day’s range of 15.01-51.
BNA.PR.B SplitShare -3.0769% Asset coverage of 2.0+:1 as of October 31, according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 9.96% based on a bid of 18.90 and a hardMaturity 2016-3-25 at 25.00. Closing quote of 18.90-99, 10×5. Day’s range of 18.70-00.
BNS.PR.J PerpetualDiscount -3.0648% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 6.77% based on a bid of 19.61 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 19.61-99, 20×10. Day’s range of 19.33-20.52.
PWF.PR.K PerpetualDiscount -3.0641% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.20% based on a bid of 17.40 and a limitMaturity. Closing Quote 17.40-50, 10×10. Day’s range of 17.30-50.
Volume Highlights
Issue Index Volume Notes
RY.PR.L FixedReset 69,300  
BCE.PR.A FixFloat 48,530  
BCE.PR.G FixFloat 46,900  
BMO.PR.K PerpetualDiscount 42,167 Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.14% based on a bid of 18.51 and a limitMaturity.
TD.PR.C FixedReset 40,995  

There were forty other index-included $25-pv-equivalent issues trading over 10,000 shares today.

Issue Comments

GPA.PR.A Downgraded to P-5 by S&P

Gatehouse Capital has announced:

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services lowered the rating of Global Credit Pref Corp.’s (TSX:GPA.PR.A) preferred shares to P-5 on November 14 and they remain on CreditWatch with negative implications. The rating on the preferred shares of Global Credit Pref Corp. mirrors the lowering of the rating on the $48,031,000 fixed-rate static portfolio credit linked note issued by The Toronto-Dominion Bank to CCC Watch/Neg.

The Company has exposure to the credit linked note issued by The Toronto-Dominion Bank and held by Global Credit Trust, the return on which is linked to the credit performance of 124 reference entities.

The preferred shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol GPA.PR.A

GPA.PR.A was placed on Watch-Negative following the WaMu Credit Event. There are 1.5-million shares outstanding, closing at 2.53-95 today. The NAV was $4.38 as of October 31 according to Gatehouse; shares outstanding are down slightly from the 1,537,267 reported June 30. According to the prospectus:

Preferred Shares may be surrendered at any time for retraction but will be retracted only
on the last day of the month (a “Valuation Date”) commencing October 31, 2005. Preferred Shares surrendered for retraction by a Holder at least five Business Days prior to a Valuation Date will be retracted on such Valuation Date and such Holder will receive payment on or before the tenth Business Day following such Valuation Date. On a retraction, Holders will be entitled to receive a retraction price per share (the “Preferred Share Retraction Price”) equal to 95% of the net asset value per Preferred Share determined as of the relevant Valuation Date, less $0.75.

GPA.PR.A is not tracked by HIMIPref™.

Interesting External Papers

External Support and Bank Behaviour in the International Syndicated Loan Market

BIS has released Working Paper #265, by Blaise Gadanecz, Kostas Tsatsaronis and Yener Altunbase, with the captioned title.

The paper is quite interesting. First, the authors grouped banks according to FitchRatings’ assessment of their external (state) support:

In addition to the more traditional types of creditworthiness assessment, Fitch Ratings assigns to banks ratings related to the strength of outside support. The so-called support rating is an assessment of the likelihood and level of outside financial support that the bank may receive from outside entities (the government, its owners or third parties) in case of financial difficulty. The rating scale ranges from very high support (level 1) to no support (level 5). For the purposes of this paper banks with a rating of 1 or 2 are identified as “supported”. This choice was based on the characterisation that Fitch gives to these rating classes in its manual. Level 1 support indicates “a clear legal guarantee or state support would be forthcoming”. Level 2 is assigned in cases where “state support would be forthcoming in the absence of a legal guarantee”. This choice is consistent with other studies in the literature that rely on the same indicator of safety net support.9 The ratings methodology does not strictly identify the government purse as the source of financial support. However, for the higher support rating categories the methodology points to the existence of a legal commitment or highlights the systemic importance of the institution in the national and/or international arena. For the purpose of this analysis this is treated as being practically tantamount to government support. No private entity would have the resources or the incentives to provide this financial support in the case of financial difficulty.

This was then compared with details of each bank’s participation in international syndicated loans:

The syndicated loan information has been extracted from the Dealogic Loanware database. Each loan facility record identifies the members of the syndicate and their role as senior or junior members.

The information on the individual loan facilities was combined with information on the syndicate banks extracted from Bankscope. This database contains details about the balance sheet composition and income statement of individual banks.

The authors conclude:

Where supported banks seem to differ substantially from their peers is the attitude towards risk. Supported banks hold portfolios of loans that are on average lower priced than a market benchmark (although some of these lower spreads may be recouped in the form of higher fees, meaning that they may be substituting revenue for risk compensation). Moreover, as senior arrangers they tend to be involved in initiating loans that carry thinner spreads that the average loan with similar characteristics. Finally, they also seem to be less responsive to indicators of balance sheet risk in deciding whether to invest on a particular loan as compared to other banks.

This relatively relaxed attitude towards risk is more problematic from a policy perspective. It is an indication that support distorts the incentives of these banks and encourages risk taking that is not remunerated by market expected returns. Combined with a non-innovative attitude towards investment also suggests that these banks are likely to be using the funding benefits of their status to engage in price competition in the international loan market. This behaviour is not compatible with the typical motivation for support, and is akin to an abuse of their privileged status.

These results shed a sceptical light on the beneficial impact of state support. Clearly, the data used in this paper cannot examine the overall behaviour of the banks, but only a small component in their activities in the international arena. More research is needed to generate a more complete picture of the impact of support on the banks. Nevertheless, the results suggest that there are externalities from state support that go beyond the national markets. Hence, they warrant a more careful consideration of the conditions at which support is made available and the governance structures in these institutions.

As the authors remarked in the introduction:

Public sector interest is often associated with the existence of explicit forms of financial support or the market perceptions of implicit guarantees should the banks come under stress. Banking is also a business of taking and managing risk. The theory of moral hazard suggests that ill-conceived insurance against downside risks may lead to distorted incentives and excessive risk taking by banks.

We can only hope that the conclusions of this paper make their way into the hands of the G-20 planners of the New World Order (Financial Department).

Interesting External Papers

IIAC Releases 3Q08 Equity Financing Report

The IIAC has announced:

Total equity issuance in Canada fell to $6.5 billion in the third quarter, the lowest in over 6 years— down 44 per cent from the previous quarter and 24 per cent year-over-year. However, equity trade volumes reached an all-time high surpassing the record reached earlier this year with $25.7 billion shares being traded for the quarter. The Investment Industry Association of Canada (IIAC) issued today its quarterly publication Review of Equity New Issues & Trading, highlighting Canadian equity financing and trading activity.

The report itself notes:

Preferred shares followed suit falling to $1.5 billion on 5 offerings— a decrease of 36% from the previous quarter but still on pace for a record year in issuance for 2008 (Chart 4)

Year-to-Date figures are:

PFD Issuance
YTD
per IIAC
Year Deals Value
2008 25 $5.3-billion
2007 40 $5.2-billion
2006 31 $4.4-billion