Market Action

December 11, 2008

JPMorgan, or one of their clients, wants to make a big bet on Collatteralized Loan Obligations:

JPMorgan Chase & Co., the largest U.S. bank, is seeking as much as $780 million of AAA rated portions of collateralized loan obligations, according to a list of securities the company circulated to traders and investors.

New York-based JPMorgan, which has received capital from the government and has obtained loans from the Federal Reserve, told traders it may be willing to accept yields of about 4 percentage points more than the three-month London interbank offered rate for dollars, three of the people said. That’s less than the spread of 5 percentage points that the securities typically trade at, according to JPMorgan’s research department.

The purchase may aid the $475 billion CLO market, where prices began falling after the July 2007 collapse of two Bear Stearns Cos. hedge funds that owned collateralized debt obligations.

CLOs, which are a type of CDO, repackage loans used to fund leveraged buyouts and other non-investment-grade, or junk, rated companies into new securities with varying ratings.

The world has gone mad and it has been a week of what Portfolio.com calls a trend of “Rich white men throwing it all away for nothing.”.

And they didn’t even mention the Sextant thing! The OSC has alleged:

15. At November 28, 2008, approximately 5% of the assets of the Sextant Fund were invested in a portfolio of cash, stocks and futures contracts, including stocks of private companies. The portfolio is held in accounts with Newedge Canada Inc. (“Newedge”), the custodian and prime broker for the Sextant Fund.

16. The balance of the assets in the Sextant Fund are invested in two private Luxembourg companies: Iceland Glacier Products S.a.r.l. (“IGP”) and Iceland Global Water 2 Partners SCA (“IGW”).

17. At November 28, 2008, 92% of the assets of the Sextant Fund were invested in IGP and 2.5% of the assets were invested in IGW. These investments are not recorded or valued on Newedge’s books and records.

18. IGP and IGW both purportedly own rights to glaciers in Iceland and intend to use those rights for the purpose of developing and selling bottled water. Neither IGP or IGW have earned any revenue and there are no indications that they will do so in the immediate future. Neither is currently operating.

19. Despite having earned no revenue and having no immediate prospect of doing so, IGP’s shares have purportedly increased in value from an initial average cost of €0.226 to €2.45, or approximately 984% since initial investment by the Sextant Fund. This has contributed to the increase in value of the Sextant Fund by 730.7% over the less than three years between its inception in February 2006 and November 28, 2008.

20. There are no third party valuation reports that support the monthly, material upward revisions in value of IGP, and therefore there is inadequate support for the claimed rate of return of the Sextant Fund.

21. Significant performance fees, in excess of $3 million dollars have flowed out of the Sextant Fund based entirely on its purported rate of return. Fees for the month of November 2008 alone were assessed at over $1.5 million.

22. IGP and IGW are owned almost entirely by the Sextant Fund, the Sextant Offshore Funds and Spork.

The Globe and Mail notes:

Mr. Spork also runs two offshore funds totalling $100-million (U.S.) – Sextant Strategic Hybrid2 Hedge Resource Fund Offshore Ltd. and Sextant Strategic Global Water Fund Offshore Ltd. – which do not have Canadian investors.

After his fund shot up 74 per cent in July alone, Mr. Spork was reluctant then to reveal how his commodities-focused strategy has been racking up stellar returns.

“We make our returns or business grow by having an edge that is not transparent,” Mr. Spork told The Globe and Mail at that time.

Just what the investors were receiving by way of disclosure is not clear. And I am not an expert in the exciting new field of glacier investing. But it seems to me that before I wrote a large cheque – especially to buy large ice-cubes – I would want to know a little more about the non-transparent edge.

Then today after the markets closed the SEC released allegations against Bernard Madoff:

alleged that Madoff yesterday informed two senior employees that his investment advisory business was a fraud. Madoff told these employees that he was “finished,” that he had “absolutely nothing,” that “it’s all just one big lie,” and that it was “basically, a giant Ponzi scheme.” The senior employees understood him to be saying that he had for years been paying returns to certain investors out of the principal received from other, different investors. Madoff admitted in this conversation that the firm was insolvent and had been for years, and that he estimated the losses from this fraud were at least $50 billion.

According to regulatory filings, the Madoff firm had more than $17 billion in assets under management as of the beginning of 2008. It appears that virtually all assets of the advisory business are missing.

It’s not clear to me how the two figures cited are reconciled, but with numbers that big it doesn’t matter much does it? One wonders what his client list looked like and what the collateral damage tomorrow is going to be.

It’s not going to be the only headline, either! Carmakers won’t get bailed out:

Senate negotiations for a U.S. automaker bailout plan collapsed, in a blow to General Motors Corp. and Chrysler LLC, which may run out of cash early next year.

“It’s over with,” Majority Leader Harry Reid said on the Senate floor in Washington. “I dread looking at Wall Street tomorrow. It’s not going to be a pleasant sight.”

Connecticut Democrat Christopher Dodd, who was involved in the negotiations, said the final unresolved issue was a Republican demand that unionized autoworkers accept a reduction in wages next year, rather than later, to match those of U.S. autoworkers who work for foreign-owned companies, such as Toyota Motor Corp.

“More than saddened, I’m worried this evening about what we’re doing with an iconic industry,” Dodd said. “In the midst of deeply troubling economic times we are going to add to that substantially.”

Accrued Interest has a post about negative yields on US T-Bills, asking:

So when I heard that there were T-Bill trades occurring above par, I was more stunned that Princess Leia aboard the Tantive IV. Who bought T-bills above par? Why would you enter into that trade with a certain loss when you can simply hold currency at no loss?

Currency? How currency? Put it in a bank, it’ll go bust. Put it under your mattress, you’ll get robbed. Put it into actual folding paper in a safe deposit box, you’ve got transaction costs out the wazoo, what with money laundering laws and safekeeping fees, not to mention a certain risk of your employees robbing you. How currency?

There are some good comments to that post. I’ll suggest that the commenter Oregon Guy has the right of it:

Say you have a $2,000,000 CD maturing. You can deposit the proceeds in a money market account with FDIC insurance, but the insurance won’t cover the $2,000,000 and you don’t want the bother of opening a plethora of accounts. Treasuries are bubble-priced, so you don’t want to go there. Corporates are shaky because defaults are high and you’re risk adverse. You can roll-over the CD, but that opens up the possibility of uninsured loss again.

I will suggest the additional mechanism of segmentation. There are a LOT of T-Bill funds out there, and a lot more private-manager mandates that will only allow T-Bills. They HAVE to buy bills – they don’t even have the currency option.

Volume continued heavy today, but the market was down this time.

Note that these indices are experimental; the absolute and relative daily values are expected to change in the final version. In this version, index values are based at 1,000.0 on 2006-6-30.
The Fixed-Reset index was added effective 2008-9-5 at that day’s closing value of 1,119.4 for the Fixed-Floater index.
Index Mean Current Yield (at bid) Mean YTW Mean Average Trading Value Mean Mod Dur (YTW) Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
Fixed-Floater 7.40% 7.73% 97,057 13.18 6 +1.5009% 716.0
Floater 9.35% 9.40% 73,019 10.08 2 -6.8016% 345.7
Op. Retract 5.49% 6.76% 148,229 4.17 15 -0.1952% 988.9
Split-Share 6.92% 13.31% 75,553 3.98 14 +0.6130% 892.4
Interest Bearing 9.82% 21.50% 54,396 2.75 3 -1.2438% 747.0
Perpetual-Premium N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Perpetual-Discount 7.84% 7.96% 215,098 11.46 71 -0.4579% 706.6
Fixed-Reset 6.07% 5.45% 1,168,186 14.39 17 +0.2100% 993.7
Major Price Changes
Issue Index Change Notes
BAM.PR.K Floater -8.8639%  
LBS.PR.A SplitShare -6.1250% Asset coverage of 1.4-:1 as of December 4 according to Brompton Group. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 12.42% based on a bid of 7.51 and a hardMaturity 2013-11-29 at 10.00. Closing quote of 7.51-79, 4×1. Day’s range of 7.51-00.
NA.PR.N FixedReset -5.9889%  
NA.PR.M PerpetualDiscount -5.0769% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.24% based on a bid of 18.51 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 18.51-74, 7×2. Day’s range of 18.25-20.98 (!).
BAM.PR.B Floater -4.7204%  
FIG.PR.A InterestBearing -3.7433% Asset coverage of 1.0+:1 as of December 4, based on Capital Unit NAV of 0.39 according to Faircourt and 0.71 Capital Units per preferred. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 20.30% based on a bid of 5.40 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-31 at 10.00. Closing quote of 5.40-60, 6×2. Day’s range of 5.21-70.
FFN.PR.A SplitShare -3.5862% Asset coverage of 1.3+:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 12.74% based on a bid of 6.99 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 6.99-38, 1×3. Day’s range of 7.25-40.
CM.PR.J PerpetualDiscount -3.3562% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.14% based on a bid of 14.11 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 14.11-30, 5×4. Day’s range of 14.00-67.
CU.PR.A PerpetualDiscount -2.8856% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.52% based on a bid of 19.52 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 19.52-74, 4×1. Day’s range of 19.52-36.
CM.PR.G PerpetualDiscount -2.6163% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.23% based on a bid of 16.75 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 16.75-00, 4×6. Day’s range of 16.70-47.
HSB.PR.D PerpetualDiscount -2.3788% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.85% based on a bid of 16.00 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 16.00-24, 16×1. Day’s range of 15.50-16.70.
BNS.PR.P FixedReset -2.2727%  
BNS.PR.M PerpetualDiscount -2.2350% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.49% based on a bid of 15.31 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 15.31-54, 10×3. Day’s range of 15.25-80.
TCA.PR.Y PerpetualDiscount -2.1463% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.10% based on a bid of 40.12 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 40.12-95, 1×6. Day’s range of 40.11-41.19.
BNS.PR.R FixedReset -2.1176%  
CM.PR.E PerpetualDiscount -2.0328% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.24% based on a bid of 17.35 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 17.35-49, 5×4. Day’s range of 17.32-92.
RY.PR.A PerpetualDiscount +2.1698% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.03% based on a bid of 16.01 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 16.01-24, 4×3. Day’s range of 16.01-24.
SLF.PR.E PerpetualDiscount +2.2222% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.20% based on a bid of 13.80 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 13.80-00, 20×3. Day’s range of 13.50-93.
RY.PR.G PerpetualDiscount +2.3748% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.14% based on a bid of 15.95 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 15.95-99, 2×19. Day’s range of 15.59-99.
RY.PR.I FixedReset +2.6128%  
DF.PR.A SplitShare +3.0014% Asset coverage of 1.4+:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 11.09% based on a bid of 7.55 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 7.55-60, 60×14. Day’s range of 7.50-51.
BNA.PR.B SplitShare +3.6932% Asset coverage of 1.7-:1 as of December 11 based on BAM.A at 17.46 and 2.4 BAM.A per unit. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 10.41% based on a bid of 18.25 and a hardMaturity 2016-3-25 at 25.00. Closing quote of 18.25-19.99, 5×1. Day’s range of 17.75-50.
FTN.PR.A SplitShare +7.9460% Asset coverage of 1.6-:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 11.28% based on a bid of 7.20 and a hardMaturity 2015-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 7.20-28, 27×10. Day’s range of 6.50-28.
BCE.PR.G FixFloat +9.7857%  
Volume Highlights
Issue Index Volume Notes
BMO.PR.N FixedReset 343,071 Six blocks totalling 114,500 shares. New issue settled today.
PWF.PR.D OpRet 110,456 Nesbitt crossed 100,000 at 25.50. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 4.93% based on a bid of 25.41 and a softMaturity 2012-10-30 at 25.00.
TD.PR.O PerpetualDiscount 62,988 Nesbitt crossed 15,000 at 16.95. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.30% based on a bid of 16.91 and a limitMaturity.
CM.PR.H PerpetualDiscount 57,815 Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.16% based on a bid of 15.01 and a limitMaturity.
RY.PR.B PerpetualDiscount 45,158 Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.48% based on a bid of 15.92 and a limitMaturity.

There were seventy-eight index-included $25-pv-equivalent issues trading over 10,000 shares today

Issue Comments

BMO.PR.N Closes Without Incident

BMO’s new issue of Fixed-Reset 6.50%+383 announced November 25 closed today without incident.

Volume was good at 343,071 shares in a range of 24.86-05. The closing quote was 25.00-01, 44×10.

The issue was relatively small, only $150-million, but there was a greenshoe for $100-million. I am unable to determine whether any of the greenshoe was exercised.

The issue is tracked by HIMIPref™ and has been added to the Fixed-Reset Index.

Update, 2009-6-9: The TSX reports six million shares outstanding; therefore the greenshoe was not exercised.

Issue Comments

NTL.PR.F & NTL.PR.G : DBRS Downgrades to "D"

DBRS has announced that it:

has today downgraded its preferred share ratings of Nortel Network Limited to D from Pfd-5 (low). Nortel Networks Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nortel Networks Corporation (collectively, Nortel or the Company). This rating action follows the Under Review with Negative Implications status, where the ratings were placed November 10, 2008 (see press release dated November 10, 2008). Nortel’s long-term debt remains Under Review with Negative Implications.

This rating action results from Nortel suspending its dividend payments on its preferred shares. This suspension begins with its November 2008 dividends, which will not be paid on December 12, 2008. The last dividend the Company paid was on November 12, 2008, on its Series 5 preferred shares (cumulative) and its Series 7 preferred shares (non-cumulative) as originally declared on July 31, 2008.

DBRS notes that on November 10, 2008 Nortel released its Q3 2008 results, which were below DBRS’s expectations, and lowered its outlook for the year. Additionally, Nortel announced the suspension of its preferred share dividends in an effort to preserve its liquidity. Shortly after this announcement, DBRS placed all of Nortel’s ratings Under Review with Negative Implications.

Notes:
DBRS’s ratings on technology companies are primarily based on factors such as the product suite, the base of customers, the competitive landscape, research and development initiatives, gross operating margins and the financial profile.

These issues were last discussed on PrefBlog when Nortel announced its intention to default.

NTL.PR.F & NTL.PR.G are tracked by HIMIPref™. They would be included in the “Ratchet” index, but have been relegated to “Scraps” on credit concerns.

Regulation

OSFI Loosens Rules on Innovative Tier 1 Capital

OSFI has released Advisories on Innovative Tier 1 Instruments.

I have not yet reviewed the intricacies of the advisories, but it appears that the the draft advisory I thought was so appalling has been adopted in toto. Canadians can be, er, proud to declare that we are basically the only jurisdiction that allows cumulative Tier 1 Capital.

Update, 2008-12-15 From the Advisory on Innovative Tier 1 Instruments:

A new form of loan-based innovative instrument will now qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 capital. Under this structure, the special purpose vehicle (SPV) issuing the innovative instrument will issue a 99-year security to investors and the SPV will use the proceeds from such issuance to acquire an inter-company debt instrument from the FRE with maturity conditions that are the same as the public issue. Under specified circumstances to maintain cash resources in the FRE, and as a result of contractual obligations between the investors, the SPV and the FRE, the investors in the SPV securities will receive directly issued preferred shares of the FRE to satisfy interest and/or principal payments on the innovative instrument.

the risk premium (over the risk-free rate) reflected in the dividend rate on the Tier 1-qualifying preferred shares issued pursuant to an automatic conversion must be established at the time the innovative instrument is issued and must not exceed the risk premium (over the risk-free rate) reflected in the dividend rate of comparable shares as at that date (i.e. upon the original issuance of the innovative instrument).

innovative instruments can now include securities which mature in 99 years. These, however, will be subject to straight-line amortization for regulatory capital purposes beginning 10 years prior to maturity.

An innovative instrument is now permitted to be “share cumulative” where under specified circumstances to maintain cash resources in the FRE, and as a result of contractual obligations between the investors, the SPV and the FRE, deferred cash coupons on the innovative instrument become payable in Tier 1-qualifying perpetual preferred shares of the FRE2, subject to the following requirements:

  • Cash coupons on the innovative instrument can be deferred at any time, at the FRE management’s complete discretion, with no limit on the duration of the deferral, apart from the maturity of the instrument.
  • The preferred shares issued by the FRE will initially be held in trust and will only be distributed to the holders of the innovative instrument to pay for deferred coupons once the cash coupons on the innovative instrument are resumed or when the innovative instruments are no longer outstanding (e.g. maturity of the innovative instrument, conversion of innovative instrument into preferred shares of the FRE, etc.).

And, from the Innovative Tier 1 and Other Capital Clarifications:

The adoption and current interpretation of the Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Guideline 15 (AcG 15) results in Canadian “loan-based” innovative Tier 1 SPVs no longer being consolidated with the sponsoring FRE that owns the common securities and the interpretation also results in certain Financing Entities used by FREs to issue Tier 2 capital instruments no longer being consolidated with the FRE.

OSFI has determined that:

  • For “loan-based” innovative Tier 1 instruments, the SPV will no longer be required to be consolidated as a precondition for the public issue to be treated as innovative Tier 1 capital of the FRE.


Principle #9(b) under the Interim Appendix to Guideline A-2 (Banks/T&L/Life), “Principles Governing Inclusion of Innovative Instruments in Tier 1 Capital” states that “the main features of innovative instruments, including those features designed to achieve Tier 1 capital status (for example, the triggers and mechanisms used to achieve loss absorption), must be publicly disclosed in the FRE’s annual report to shareholders.”
This disclosure requirement is even more important now that capital will include innovative Tier 1 capital instruments that do not appear on the FRE’s balance sheet. In future, regulatory approvals for the issuance of loan-based innovative Tier 1 instruments will be conditional on acceptable plans for adequate disclosure of the main regulatory capital features of these instruments in the annual report to shareholders.

So bank balance sheets just got even more difficult to understand. If the SPV is not consolidated, then something that looks like a loan will magically count as Tier 1 Capital. I don’t know who’s at fault here, but I don’t like it!

A FRE has recently approached OSFI regarding the inclusion of a “make-whole” provision in the terms and conditions of a Tier 2-qualifying instrument issued into a foreign market. The provision states that, if tax laws change such that the FRE is required to withhold or account for any present or future tax, assessment or governmental charge by any Canadian tax authority, the FRE will pay noteholders an additional amount needed so that the net amount received by the noteholders, after such a withholding, will equal the amount that would have been received had no such withholding been required.

OSFI has assessed this provision and determined that it will permit such “make-whole” provisions in Tier 2 capital.

Whoosh! That came out of the blue!

Interesting External Papers

BoC Releases December 2008 Financial System Review

The Bank of Canada has released its December 2008 Financial System Review.

An interesting comment was:

Further improvements by some Canadian banks would be desirable to align disclosure standards, particularly regarding valuation techniques, more closely with the best practices of leading foreign banks. On the issue of transparency of structured products, progress in implementing the [Financial Stability Forum] recommendations has been slow to materialize, and there is a role for provincial securities commissions to advance this initiative.

… which seems to be a nice way of saying the banks here are falling behind. The Financial Stability Forum has been discussed on PrefBlog.

Also of interest was a short section on revision of bank capital rules to reduce the procyclicity inherent in the current rules:

These concerns have motivated proposals that argue that systemic risks can be mitigated if macroeconomic conditions are taken into account in the design of capital regulations. Under these proposals, banks would be required to build up a capital buffer during the boom part of the cycle—thereby strengthening their balance sheets and reducing the risk that financial imbalances will develop from excessive easing of financial conditions. During a downturn, banks would be allowed to draw down these buffers, which would alleviate the need to liquidate assets or restrict loan growth at a time when credit conditions and asset prices are already under stress. Thus, minimum capital requirements would move procyclically—the reverse of what happens under the current Basel II framework— and would help moderate cyclical fluctuations in the economy. This strategy could be implemented by linking capital requirements to movements in macroeconomic indicators of the state of the credit cycle, such as loan growth and asset prices.

Another question is whether there should be a rules-based approach linking capital requirements in a predetermined way to observable variables such as loan or asset growth, or whether discretion should be used to adjust the minimum capital ratios. In a system with discretion, it would be necessary to define the appropriate roles for the prudential regulator and for other agencies (such as the central bank) that have a broader macroeconomic perspective.

I like the last bit – ‘Give us the work, not OSFI!’

Longer-term credit markets have also deteriorated since the publication of the June FSR, as perceived default risk rose and the dysfunction in short term funding markets spread to longer-term debt markets. With the cost of financing trading positions higher and more uncertain, the liquidity premium demanded by agents also increased. This, in turn, contributed to the widening of credit spreads relative to government securities beyond what would be expected solely from the increase in default risk and expected losses. Yield spreads on corporate bonds around the globe rose to all-time highs in both the secondary bond and credit default swap markets, with the increase being particularly significant for high-yield and lower-rated issuers, reflecting an increasing degree of credit tiering (Chart 11).

There is a very topical note on DB Pension Funding:

Firms that sponsor defined-benefit (DB) pension plans are facing additional pressures. The funding condition of DB plans in Canada has deteriorated sharply in recent months as a consequence of the severe sell-off in equity markets. Chart 19 presents the trend in Mercer’s Pension Health Index, which incorporates indexes of the assets, liabilities, and funding positions (assets less liabilities) of a representative DB plan in Canada. Note that assets have recently been falling, whereas liabilities have continued to rise. Firms are required to make special contributions to eliminate deficits over a time period specified by the pension regulators. These contributions adversely affect the
earnings and cash flow of the sponsoring corporation.

Bank asset quality is always of interest:

Profits and return on equity for the major Canadian banks have been on an improving track since the apparent trough in the first quarter of 2008, when writedowns seem to have peaked (Chart 29). Since the start of the turmoil, the major banks have reported cumulative capital market writedowns of almost $12 billion on a pre-tax basis. For the fourth quarter, five banks have pre-announced additional writedowns totalling around $2 billion.

As discussed, the volatility in the value of the securities portfolios of financial
institutions has continued (through the requirements of fair value accounting) to adversely affect their earnings.20 Recently, changes were announced by the Canadian Accounting Standards Board (AcSB), which mirror recent changes in International Accounting Standards (IAS). These modifications permit financial institutions, in some cases, to reclassify assets from the “held for trading” account to the banking book. This change is expected to reduce future volatility in the earnings of some banks. Several banks have since reclassified assets under these guidelines.

Of particular interest to preferred share investors is the banks’ “Distance to Default”, which is based solely on market prices – not on any fundamental analysis:

An assessment of overall default risk derived from market data, the distance to default for major Canadian banks, suggests a deterioration in their perceived credit quality since the June 2008 FSR (Chart 34). Driven by continued volatility in bank share prices, this measure has, in fact, reached its
lowest point on record.

And finally, given the recent MFC fiasco:

While the level of disclosure at life and health insurance companies has improved in recent years, it is generally not as detailed as that of banks, and recent events have underlined the need for further enhancements. For example, it would be desirable for life and health insurance companies to provide more information about the consolidated capital position of the enterprise as a whole, not just at the unconsolidated operating company level.

Thats the review section. There are also articles titled:

  • Credit, Asset Prices, and Financial Stress in Canada
  • Fair Value Accounting and Financial Stability
  • The Impact of Sovereign Wealth Funds on the International Financial System
  • Liquidity Risk at Banks: Trends and Lessons Learned from the Recent Turmoil
  • A Model of Housing Boom and Bust in a Small Open Economy
  • The Role of Bank Capital in the Propogation of Shocks
  • Good Policies or Good Fortune: What Drove the Compression in Emerging-Market Spreads?
Issue Comments

BCE Deal Dead

BCE Acquisition has announced:

that the agreement to acquire BCE Inc. (TSX, NYSE: BCE) has been terminated in accordance with its terms.

Receipt of a solvency opinion from a nationally recognized valuation firm was included in the June 30, 2007 definitive agreement between the Purchaser and BCE as a mutual closing condition. The agreement of the Purchaser and BCE to both the selection of KPMG to serve as the valuation firm and the form of the solvency opinion was reflected in the July 4, 2008 amendment to the definitive agreement. Because KPMG has concluded that a required test for the solvency opinion was not met, this mutual condition to completion of the acquisition could not be, and was not, satisfied. Accordingly, the Purchaser terminated the agreement in accordance with its terms. Under these circumstances neither party owes a termination fee to the other.

There is no telling what will happen now. In an ideal world, we return to the status quo ante and the BCE Prefs retain their Pfd-2(low) / P-2(low) credit rating. But Bloomberg reports other ideas:

BCE Inc., the Canadian phone company that had been planning to go private for the past 18 months, may have to buy back shares or restore its dividend to placate investors now that its leveraged buyout has fallen apart.

But I’m afraid that in the absence of strong, credible statements from BCE regarding their capital structure going forward, BCE prefs remain rather more speculative than I like.

The last post in this saga was BCE Buyout in Trouble; Prefs Plunge.

BCE has the following preferred shares outstanding: BCE.PR.A, BCE.PR.B, BCE.PR.C, BCE.PR.D, BCE.PR.E, BCE.PR.F, BCE.PR.G, BCE.PR.H, BCE.PR.I, BCE.PR.R, BCE.PR.S, BCE.PR.T, BCE.PR.Y & BCE.PR.Z

Update, 2008-12-11: BCE is desperately grandstanding:

BCE Inc. (TSX, NYSE: BCE) today announced that it received last evening from the Purchaser, a company formed by an investor group led by Teachers’ Private Capital, the private investment arm of the Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan, and affiliates of Providence Equity Partners Inc., Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC, and Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity, a notice purporting to terminate the Definitive Agreement dated June 29, 2007, as amended. BCE disputes that the Purchaser was entitled to terminate the Definitive Agreement, as such notice was delivered prematurely, prior to the outside date for closing of the transaction, and therefore invalid. Given the Purchaser’s position, the BCE privatization
transaction will not proceed.

As previously announced, the closing of the privatization transaction is contingent upon the fulfillment of several closing conditions, including, pursuant to Section 8.1(f) of the Definitive Agreement, the receipt at the effective time of a positive solvency opinion from KPMG. Earlier this morning, KPMG confirmed that it would not be able to deliver an opinion that BCE would
meet, post transaction, the solvency tests set out in the Definitive Agreement.

In light of these developments, BCE will be terminating the Definitive Agreement in accordance with its terms, and will be demanding payment of the $1.2-billion break-up fee from the Purchaser. All closing conditions have been satisfied by BCE, other than the solvency opinion, a condition to closing that was to be satisfied by its nature at the effective time. Under such circumstances, the agreement provides that the break up fee will be owed to BCE by the Purchaser. The Purchaser has taken the position that it is not obligated to pay the break-up fee.

In addition, the BCE Board intends that immediately following termination of the Definitive Agreement in accordance with its terms, it will address a reinstatement of its common share dividend beginning with its fourth quarter common share dividend payable on January 15, 2009, and that it will return capital to its shareholders through a Normal Course Issuer Bid.

I would have a lot more confidence in the credit quality of the BCE Prefs if they indicated the size of the Normal Course Issuer Bid.

Market Action

December 10, 2008

This is funny. Goldman is being criticized for advising shorting municipal credit (via credit default swaps):

It’s “disturbing” to advise investors to bet against the financial health of a state whose bonds Goldman helps sell, Assemblyman Gary S. Schaer, a Democrat who chairs the Financial Institutions and Insurance Committee, said last week in a letter to Chief Executive Officer Lloyd C. Blankfein.

“New Jersey needs to maximize its presence in the credit markets, not to see its presence undermined.” Schaer wrote.

As part of a September presentation to institutional investors on “Best Long and Short Risk Strategies,” Goldman recommended buying credit-default swaps on “a basket of liquid State General Obligation credits with current and worsening fiscal outlooks,” including California, Florida, Nevada, Ohio, Wisconsin and Michigan.

The firm also recommended the derivatives on states with “significant unfunded pension” and other retiree obligations, including Illinois, Connecticut, Hawaii, New Jersey, Massachusetts and Nevada.

The practice of betting against such states is “distasteful,” said Frank Hoadley, Wisconsin’s director of capital finance in Madison.

Didn’t we do the whole “analyst independence” thing a few years ago? However, the original Newark Star-Ledger story, while attempting to sell newspapers, is better balanced than Bloomberg’s efforts.

I do apologize … but I am YET AGAIN neglecting to present the price-movement and volume-highlight tables. At some point, perhaps, I will have caught up on other committments – but not tonight.

Note that these indices are experimental; the absolute and relative daily values are expected to change in the final version. In this version, index values are based at 1,000.0 on 2006-6-30.
The Fixed-Reset index was added effective 2008-9-5 at that day’s closing value of 1,119.4 for the Fixed-Floater index.
Index Mean Current Yield (at bid) Mean YTW Mean Average Trading Value Mean Mod Dur (YTW) Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
Fixed-Floater 7.50% 7.85% 93,464 12.74 6 -4.0589% 705.4
Floater 9.56% 9.85% 72,723 9.52 2 +3.0634% 371.0
Op. Retract 5.46% 6.42% 146,946 3.97 15 +0.7500% 990.9
Split-Share 6.95% 13.38% 73,707 3.95 14 -0.1942% 887.0
Interest Bearing 9.69% 20.82% 55,306 2.78 3 -0.2190% 756.4
Perpetual-Premium N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Perpetual-Discount 7.79% 7.92% 212,362 11.50 71 +0.0649% 709.9
Fixed-Reset 6.02% 5.38% 1,081,559 14.48 16 +0.5017% 995.8
Better Communication, Please!

STW.PR.A: Stealth Redemption Confirmed

The essence of the redemption noted by Assiduous Reader erikd has been confirmed:

STW.PR.A has been called at $10.2 + accrued for total of $10.3173913 per share. 33.8575% of preferred shares have been called. This is a good premium to last friday’s trading price.

source is bloomberg, under news of the capital shares
I grabbed the screen at work. It will trade ex-redemption on Dec 9th, and supposed to get redeemed on Dec 12th.

I have confirmed with investor relations at Middlefield that the size is at least approximately correct; the redemption price per the prospectus is indeed 10.20.

The closing quote on Dec 8 – the last cum-redemption day, according to erikd, and the day he posted his note – was 9.11-18, on volume of 9227 shares. Yesterday was 8.64-87 on 5,294 shares. Today was 8.80-26, 13×2 on no volume.

I don’t know when the information was posted on Bloomberg, but if I had sold shares prior to the ex-redemption date and after the posting, I’d be pretty upset. According to me, a sizable redemption at a premium of more than 10% to market price counts as material information. Nothing was on their website, and investor relations could not confirm or deny immediately.

Their investor relations representative emphasized that they were not in breach of regulatory requirements. That may well be the case (it is not my place to judge) but I will suggest that:

  • The redemption was material information.
  • Bloomberg is a paid service; advising Bloomberge does not (or should not) constitute public disclosure
  • Therefore – whatever the strict legalities might be – I consider this a case of selective disclosure
  • If Middlefield did indeed follow minimum regulatory standards, that’s not good enough. They should have more consideration for their investors’ interests than that.
  • Let’s see a press release next time!

I will also be most interested to learn whether Middlefield purchased preferred according to the issuer bid. I will suggest that, given that STW.PR.A has not closed above 9.60 in at least a month, it would have been in the best interests of the fund to have exercised this right to the maximum extent possible.

I have noted a previous STW.PR.A stealth redemption.

STW.PR.A is tracked by HIMIPref™ and is part of the InterestBearing subindex. Given the low asset coverage ratio, it will probably be downgraded at some point in the near future at which point it will be relegated to “Scraps”. It is also possible that reduced liquidity due to the reduced float will be a prior cause for relegation.

Issue Comments

Weston on Review-Developing by DBRS

DBRS has announced that it:

has today placed the long-term and short-term ratings of George Weston Limited (Weston or the Company) – the Notes & Debentures at BBB, the Preferred Shares at Pfd-3 and the Commercial Paper at R-2 (high) – Under Review with Developing Implications.

The action follows Weston’s announcement today that its subsidiary, Dunedin Holdings S.a.r.l. (Dunedin), has entered into an agreement to sell its U.S. fresh bread and baked goods business to Grupo Bimbo for net proceeds of approximately US$2.5 billion. The completion of the transaction is subject to normal closing conditions, including regulatory approval; if the closing conditions are met, the parties expect the transaction to close in the first quarter of 2009.

Although the transaction represents an opportunity for Weston to realize a significant gain on the sale of this business, which it acquired in 2001, it will fundamentally alter the Company’s profile as the business to be sold represents more than half of Weston’s (ex-Loblaw Companies Limited (Loblaw)) operating income.

Dunedin contributed US$255 million of EBITDA to Weston’s consolidated results for the 52-weeks ended October 4, 2008. On this basis, DBRS estimates Weston’s pro forma (from continuing businesses) EBITDA for the same period to be approximately $175 million – this estimate also adjusts for the December 1, 2008 sale of Neilson Dairy (approximately $50 million of annual EBITDA) to Saputo Inc. for net proceeds of approximately $400 million.

The proposed divestiture of these assets would also have a meaningful impact on Weston’s financial risk profile. DBRS estimates the Company would have total cash and cash equivalents of more than $3.5 billion, after repaying $250 million of notes that come due in February 2009 and satisfying it current intention to redeem approximately $265 million of preferred shares in 2009. This cash and equivalent balance would compare to an estimated gross debt balance of $775 million (after February 2009) and preferred share balance of $835 million.

In its review, DBRS will focus on Weston’s intention with regards to its large cash and cash equivalent balance, its remaining operating business and its investment in Loblaw. DBRS believes that with an appropriate financial profile, Weston has the ability to remain placed in the BBB rating category with its continuing businesses (i.e., gross debt-to-pro forma EBITDA a maximum of 2.5 times).

The ratings for Loblaw (rated BBB and R-2 (middle) with Negative trends) remain unaffected at this point as DBRS believes the proposed transaction, in and of itself, does not impact the credit risk profile of Loblaw.

We’ll see what happens! Presumably the credit would be adversely affected if they use the excess cash to privatize Loblaws:

Speculation has swirled over what the company could do with its bulked up bank account.

Galen Weston said the company could look towards opportunities in either the United States or Canada, and the possibility of expanding its frozen bakery business.

There have also been suggestions that Weston is planning to buy out minority shareholders of Loblaw Cos. (TSX: L.TO), Canada’s largest supermarket operator. That would cost Weston about $3.5 billion at current stock values.

Galen Weston briefly addressed the rumours after an analyst question.

“The way we look at our position in the baking and supermarket business is there’s a lot more opportunity to come,” he said, without mentioning specifics.

Outstanding Weston issues are WN.PR.A, WN.PR.B, WN.PR.C, WN.PR.D and WN.PR.E. They were last mentioned on PrefBlog en masse when Loblaws was downgraded. All issues are tracked by HIMIPref™, but are incorporated in the Scraps index due to credit concerns.

Update: S&P is much more emphatic:

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services today said it placed its ratings, including its ‘BBB’ long-term corporate credit rating, on Toronto-based George Weston Ltd. on CreditWatch with negative implications. This means that we could either lower or affirm the ratings after completion of our review.

“The CreditWatch placement follows the company’s announcement that its subsidiary, Dunedin Holdings SARL, is in discussions with Mexico-based Grupo Bimbo S.A.B. de C.V. about the possible divestment of George Weston’s U.S. fresh bread and baked goods business,” said Standard & Poor’s credit analyst Lori Harris. Although total estimated sales proceeds and their redeployment are currently unknown, there is market speculation about whether the proceeds will be used for the possible privatization of George Weston’s 62%-owned subsidiary Loblaw Companies Ltd. (BBB/Negative/–) or of George Weston itself.

“In Standard & Poor’s opinion, the deployment of potential sales proceeds for privatization or acquisitions, combined with the absence of the EBITDA for the U.S. fresh baked goods business, could lead to higher debt levels and weaker credit protection measures,” Ms. Harris added. With adjusted debt to EBITDA of about 4.4x for the 12 months ended Oct. 4, 2008, George Weston’s credit measures are already weak for the ratings in our view.

While the ratings on George Weston and Loblaw are currently the same, the rating relationship between the two remains one of linkage, not equalization, with each rating jointly influenced by the respective credit profiles. In the event of the sale, Standard & Poor’s would reevaluate the key parent-subsidiary relationship, including the strategic importance and ownership structure, to determine the rating links between George Weston and Loblaw. The ratings could become equalized should the relationship become significantly closer.

Standard & Poor’s will monitor current developments and meet with management to discuss the proposed divestment and use of proceeds. The resolution of the CreditWatch placement depends on the transaction closing and subsequent redeployment of funds, the revised capital structure, and George Weston’s future business and financial strategies.

Market Action

December 9, 2008

With all this rate-cutting, here’s a little bit of history for you: Four-Week US T-Bills were auctioned off at 0% today. A big fat zero, to three decimal places.

Preferred share volume remained heavy today (well … heavy for the preferred market, I mean!) while prices eased off after yesterday’s gains.

Note that these indices are experimental; the absolute and relative daily values are expected to change in the final version. In this version, index values are based at 1,000.0 on 2006-6-30.
The Fixed-Reset index was added effective 2008-9-5 at that day’s closing value of 1,119.4 for the Fixed-Floater index.
Index Mean Current Yield (at bid) Mean YTW Mean Average Trading Value Mean Mod Dur (YTW) Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
Fixed-Floater 7.19% 7.52% 90,573 13.08 6 -1.2930% 735.2
Floater 9.85% 10.16% 69,970 9.28 2 -2.9216% 359.9
Op. Retract 5.50% 6.88% 145,387 4.04 15 +0.5511% 983.5
Split-Share 6.93% 13.28% 72,752 3.95 14 +0.3167% 888.7
Interest Bearing 9.67% 21.42% 56,961 2.82 3 -5.0826% 758.1
Perpetual-Premium N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Perpetual-Discount 7.80% 7.92% 209,091 11.50 71 -0.4855% 709.4
Fixed-Reset 6.05% 5.41% 1,106,660 14.44 16 +0.3609% 990.8
Major Price Changes
Issue Index Change Notes
FIG.PR.A InterestBearing -8.5308% Asset coverage of 1.0+:1 as of December 4, based on Capital Unit NAV of 0.39 according to Faircourt and 0.71 Capital Units per preferred. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 18.60% based on a bid of 5.79 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-31 at 10.00. Closing quote of 5.79-09, 2×2. Day’s range of 5.02-6.21.
STW.PR.A InterestBearing -5.1592% Asset coverage of 1.3-:1 as of December 4 according to Middlefield. Assiduous Reader erikd advises that there has been a rather large stealth-redemption; as of 4:30 pm, Middlefield’s Investor Relations department was unable to confirm or deny the report. A note on the November 30 NAV states “(Redemption Price Payable December 12, 2008)” Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 22.27% based on a bid of 8.64 and a hardMaturity 2009-12-31. Closing quote of 8.64-87, 60×1. Day’s range of 8.79-83.
BAM.PR.B Floater -4.0761%  
DFN.PR.A SplitShare -4.0586% Asset coverage of 1.7+:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.58% based on a bid of 8.51 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 8.51-06, 3×1. Day’s range of 8.72-85.
GWO.PR.G PerpetualDiscount -4.0219% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.30% based on a bid of 15.75 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 15.75-17, 7×5. Day’s range of 15.67-48.
FBS.PR.B SplitShare -3.6765% Asset coverage of 1.0+:1 as of December 4 according to TD Securities. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 13.71% based on a bid of 7.86 and a hardMaturity 2011-12-15 at 10.00. Closing quote of 7.86-00, 32×17. Day’s range of 7.76-00.
SBN.PR.A SplitShare -3.0879% Asset coverage of 1.7-:1 as of December 4 according to Mulvihill. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 9.48% based on a bid of 8.16 and a hardMaturity 2014-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 8.16-39, 3×1. Day’s range of 8.28-30.
BCE.PR.G FixFloat -2.9375%  
GWO.PR.I PerpetualDiscount -2.7465% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.19% based on a bid of 13.81 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 13.81-90, 4×12. Day’s range of 13.61-25.
SLF.PR.A PerpetualDiscount -2.6756% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.20% based on a bid of 14.55 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 14.55-65, 1×8. Day’s range of 14.27-19.
ALB.PR.A SplitShare -2.6366% Asset coverage of 1.2-:1 as of December 4 according to Scotia Managed Companies. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 14.56% based on a bid of 20.31 and a hardMaturity 2011-2-28 at 25.00. Closing quote of 20.31-48, 46×1. Day’s range of 20.31-86.
FTN.PR.A SplitShare -2.6277% Asset coverage of 1.6-:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 12.73% based on a bid of 12.73% based on a bid of 6.67 and a hardMaturity 2015-12-1 at 10.00.
BCE.PR.C FixFloat -2.5215%  
PWF.PR.I PerpetualDiscount -2.2857% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.13% based on a bid of 18.81 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 18.81-00, 4×7. Day’s range of 18.75-25.
CM.PR.D PerpetualDiscount -2.1476% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.25% based on a bid of 17.77 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 17.77-99, 3×3. Day’s range of 17.87-30.
BCE.PR.Z FixFloat -2.0888%  
SLF.PR.E PerpetualDiscount -2.0863% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 8.31% based on a bid of 13.61 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 13.61-75, 2×16. Day’s range of 13.52-90.
MFC.PR.A OpRet -2.0317% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 4.71% based on a bid of 24.11 and a softMaturity 2015-12-18 at 25.00. Closing quote of 24.11-66, 3×3. Day’s range of 24.05-99.
BNS.PR.N PerpetualDiscount -2.0157% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.64% based on a bid of 17.50 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 17.50-67, 10×9. Day’s range of 17.55-25.
RY.PR.F PerpetualDiscount +2.0653% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.35% based on a bid of 15.32 and a limitMaturity. Closing quote 15.32-48. Day’s range of 15.03-75.
BAM.PR.H OpRet +2.2500% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 13.24% based on a bid of 20.45 and a softMaturity 2012-3-30 at 25.00. Closing quote of 20.45-00, 5×10. Day’s range of 20.20-50.
NA.PR.N FixedReset +3.1630%  
LFE.PR.A SplitShare +3.9744% Asset coverage of 1.7-:1 as of November 28 according to the company. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 11.41% based on a bid of 8.11 and a hardMaturity 2012-12-1 at 10.00. Closing quote of 8.11-23, 7×1. Day’s range of 7.91-24.
LBS.PR.A SplitShare +4.2802% Asset coverage of 1.4-:1 as of December 4 according to Brompton Group. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 10.72% based on a bid of 8.04 and a hardMaturity 2013-11-29 at 10.00. Closing quote of 8.04-24, 24×3. Day’s range of 7.70-25.
BAM.PR.O OpRet +10.3333% Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 16.17% based on a bid of 16.55 and optionCertainty 2013-6-30 at 25.00. Closing quote of 16.55-17.60, 5×1. Day’s range of 15.65-17.25.
BNA.PR.B SplitShare +13.4089% Asset coverage of 1.6+:1 as of December 4 based on BAM.A at 16.72 and 2.4 BAM.A per unit. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 11.67% based on a bid of 17.00 and a hardMaturity 2016-3-25 at 25.00. Closing quote of 17.00-50, 10×11. Day’s range of 16.19-18.00.
Volume Highlights
Issue Index Volume Notes
WN.PR.B Scraps (would be OpRet but there are credit concerns) 386,360 Desjardins crossed a block of 300,000, then 50,000, then 28,400 all at 25.05. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 6.57% based on a bid of 25.06 and OptionCertainty 2009-6-30.
BNS.PR.J PerpetualDiscount 247,193 Nesbitt crossed 110,600 at 18.00. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.43% based on a bid of 17.98 and a limitMaturity.
RY.PR.N FixedReset 109,740 Nesbitt bought 12,900 from Canaccord at 25.00. Recent new issue
MFC.PR.A OpRet 53,035 TD crossed 24,300 at 24.05. See above
RY.PR.I FixedReset 50,961 RBC crossed 23,700 at 21.40.
RY.PR.B PerpetualDiscount 49,197 Desjardins bought 26,300 from anonymous at 16.15. Now with a pre-tax bid-YTW of 7.39% based on a bid of 16.10 and a limitMaturity.

There were seventy-four index-included $25-pv-equivalent issues trading over 10,000 shares today