PrefBlog

The loonie got hit today:

The Canadian dollar fell to the lowest level in five months as crude oil, the nation’s largest export, traded at almost its lowest point in more than a year.

The currency weakened against all its 16 major peers after a report showed home prices were unchanged in July, the second indicator this week to suggest the housing market is fading as a driver of economic growth. The Bank of Canada said last week it is waiting for strong-enough exports to take the burden of economic growth from over-indebted consumers, prompting speculation it would lag behind the U.S. Federal Reserve raising interest rates.
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The loonie, as the Canadian dollar is called for the image of the aquatic bird on the C$1 coin, fell 0.9 percent to C$1.1035 per U.S. dollar at 5 a.m. in Toronto. It reached C$1.1059, the weakest since April 1. One loonie buys 90.62 U.S. cents.

Crude oil fell as much as 1.4 percent to $90.43 per barrel in New York, the lowest since May 2013, before trading at $93.14, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

BMO NVCC-compliant sub-debt got a provisional rating of A(low) from DBRS:

DBRS has today assigned a provisional rating of A (low) with a Stable trend to the Bank of Montreal’s (the Bank or BMO) Series H Medium Term-Notes (Subordinated Indebtedness) (NVCC Sub Debt Series H or Series H).

DBRS assigned the NVCC Sub Debt Series H a rating equal to the Bank’s intrinsic assessment, less three rating notches, because Series H has only the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI)-required non-viable contingent capital (NVCC) triggers and no additional triggers. Furthermore, in the event of a conversion to common shares, NVCC Sub Debt Series H has a potential for recovery which is sufficiently better than BMO’s existing NVCC Preferred Shares to allow for a differentiation in the Series H rating relative to the NVCC Preferred Shares rating. Please see the DBRS press release entitled “DBRS Provides Guidance on Canadian Bank Non-Viability Contingent Capital Ratings” dated January 10, 2014, for more details.

Those with good memories will remember the rating on the BMO NVCC-compliant preferreds:

DBRS has today provisionally rated Bank of Montreal’s (the Bank) Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares, Series 27 (NVCC Preferred Shares Series 27 or Series 27) at Pfd-2 with a Stable trend.

DBRS assigned the NVCC Preferred Shares Series 27 a rating equal to the Bank’s intrinsic assessment less four rating notches because the Series 27 has only an Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI)-compliant non-viable contingent capital (NVCC) trigger, which is consistent with the OSFI requirements for NVCC instruments, and no additional triggers.

The relative recovery hopes of sub-debt and preferreds were discussed in the posts Royal Bank Issues NVCC-Compliant Sub-Debt and Feds Consulting on Bank Recapitalization Regime.

CU Inc., proud issuer of CIU.PR.A and CIU.PR.C, was confirmed at Pfd-2(high) by DBRS:

DBRS has today confirmed the Issuer Rating, Unsecured Debentures & Medium-Term Notes, Commercial Paper and Cumulative Preferred Shares of CU Inc. (CUI or the Company) at A (high), A (high), R-1 (low) and Pfd-2 (high), respectively. All trends are Stable, reflecting that CUI is on track to complete its heavy capital spending for the 2012 to 2016 period. The rating assumes further weakness in the debt-to-cash flow ratio over the next two years because of the elevated level of capital expenditures (capex), but this ratio is not expected to materially deviate from the current rating category while other key metrics, including the debt-to-capital and interest coverage ratios, may also weaken but will remain within the acceptable range.

CUI’s business risk profile is expected to benefit from the approximately $9.8 billion of capex spent over the 2012 to 2016 period, strengthening the Company’s internally generated cash flow capability. Once completed, the Company’s rate base will be double that of 2011 levels.
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CUI’s financial risk profile has weakened because of the significant level of capex over the past few years. This has led to deterioration in the Company’s debt-to-capital and cash flow-to-debt ratios, which are expected to be pressured further in 2015. This temporary weakness in CUI’s key metrics is not, however, expected to negatively affect the Company’s current ratings. Following the completion of the transmission build-out in 2016, CUI will benefit from a higher rate base and its key financial ratios should recover to historical levels consistent with the current rating category. The large capex spent on transmission infrastructure is also considered to be a low-risk investment as it will provide stable returns once in service. For the remaining duration of the transmission build-out period, CUI is expected to finance its capex largely through debt issuances, along with continued support from its parent, Canadian Utilities Limited (rated “A” by DBRS), through timely equity injections and lower dividend payout requirements. Although this will likely result in a higher debt-to-capital ratio, the Company is committed to maintaining its leverage at approximately 60% to be in line with its regulatory capital structures and to still be commensurate with the “A” rating range. DBRS also expects the Company’s cash flow-to-debt ratio to remain above 10% during the transmission build-out period.

It was a good day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualDiscounts winning 30bp, FixedResets up 13bp and DeemedRetractibles gaining 10bp. Volatility was good, comprised entirely of winners and everything except the Floater was issued by BAM. Did people forget that BAM went ex-dividend today? Volume was very low, but notable for a heavy presence of ENB issues in the highlights, presumably due to the new issue announcement.

Low policy rates are causing everybody in the world to pile into real-estate. The UK response deals with income, not Loan-to-Value:

[Professional government mouthpiece Mark] Carney’s attempt to reassure consumers and businesses that the BOE benchmark will peak well below the 5 percent seen before the financial crisis has helped to hold down borrowing costs. Five-year gilts are yielding 1.76 percent today compared with 1.86 percent at the end of last year. Traders are betting the BOE will refrain from raising the 0.5 percent benchmark until June, Sonia contracts show.

Financial-stability officials have taken some action to prevent an unsustainable debt buildup, toughening affordability checks in April and then restricting the proportion of mortgages at 4.5 times income to no more than 15 percent of new home loans.

“They’ve picked out this 4.5 times loan-to-income multiple from thin air because it’s one of the few measures where you’re not through the previous peak substantially,” [Talisman Global Asset Management Ltd. Chief Investment Officer Julian] Sinclair said.

Meanwhile, in Canada:

Bank of Montreal has once again lowered its five-year fixed mortgage rate to 2.99 per cent, from 3.29 per cent, a move that could cause more downward pressure on rates at a time when they’re already defying expectations.

BMO’s rate is not the lowest in the market, but it is the lowest that’s currently available from the country’s biggest banks. BMO sparked a mortgage price war among the banks when it first introduced its 2.99 per cent five-year-fixed rate in early 2012. That rate also earned the bank a lecture from then-Finance Minister Jim Flaherty, who had been taking steps to curb growth in the housing market amid fears that a bubble could be forming. BMO has repeatedly brought the rate back since then, most recently this March.

Dog bites man? That’s not news. But man bites dog is news!

Apple Inc. will charge fees from banks every time consumers use their iPhone to make purchases, a move that will give the company a cut of the growing mobile payments market, Bloomberg reported, citing people with knowledge of the arrangement.

Apple unveiled a watch, two larger iPhones and the mobile payments service Apple Pay on Tuesday.

The new iPhones will come equipped with the payments service, which launches in the United States next month and allows users to pay for items in stores with their phones instead of physically presenting their credit or debit cards.

Under the deals struck individually with each bank, Apple will collect a fee for each transaction, the report said.

As far as consumers are concerned, of course, it just means yet another layer of fee-demanding middlemen. That part isn’t news at all.

It was a poor day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualDiscounts down 11bp, FixedResets losing 15bp and DeemedRetractibles off 3bp. Volatility was average, but comprised entirely of FixedReset losers. Volume was low, but the highlights consist entirely of FixedResets.

PerpetualDiscounts now yield 5.13%, equivalent to 6.67% interest at the standard equivalency factor of 1.3x. Long corporates now yield about 4.25%, so the pre-tax interest-equivalent spread (in this context, the “Seniority Spread”) is now about 240bp, a significant narrowing from the 250bp reported September 3.

The Bank for International Settlements has released a paper by Sami Alpanda, Gino Cateau and Césaire Meh, all of the Bank of Canada, titled A policy model to analyze macroprudential regulations and monetary policy:

We construct a small-open-economy, New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model with real-financial linkages to analyze the effects of financial shocks and macroprudential policies on the Canadian economy. Our model has four key features. First, it allows for non-trivial interactions between the balance sheets of households, firms and banks within a unified framework. Second, it incorporates a risk-taking channel by allowing the risk appetite of investors to depend on aggregate economic activity and funding conditions. Third, it incorporates long-term debt by allowing households and businesses to pay back their stock of debt over multiple periods. Fourth, it incorporates targeted and broader macroprudential instruments to analyze the interaction between macroprudential and monetary policy. The model also features nominal and real rigidities, and is calibrated to match dynamics in Canadian macroeconomic and financial data. We study the transmission of monetary policy and financial shocks in the model economy, and analyze the effectiveness of various policies in simultaneously achieving macroeconomic and financial stability. We find that, in terms of reducing household debt, more targeted tools such as loan-to-value regulations are the most effective and least costly, followed by bank capital regulations and monetary policy, respectively.

This conclusion is supported by:

Using our model, we …find that targeted policies such as LTV regulations are the most effective and least costly, followed by bank capital regulations and monetary policy, respectively. In particular, a 5 percentage point (pp) tightening in regulatory LTV decreases household debt by about 7.6 per cent at the peak, while its output impact is about 0.7 per cent. In contrast, a 1 pp increase in capital requirements reduces household debt by about 1.4 per cent and reduces output by about 0.35 per cent at the peak. Hence, an increase of about 2 pp in bank capital would have the same impact on output as a 5 pp reduction in LTV, but its impact on household debt would be about half of LTV at the peak. Similarly, a 100 basis point (bp) temporary increase in the policy rate reduces household debt by about 0.5 per cent at the peak, but this comes at an output cost of about 0.4 per cent, o¤ering an even worse trade-o¤ than capital requirements in terms of reducing household debt.

I’ll admit to being suspicious of this result, but without fully understanding and playing with the model I must also admit that I can’t explain why. I don’t like such finely targeted government policies, with some Pooh-Bah in Ottawa pronouncing on whether a citizen is permitted to buy a house or not. What if they get it wrong? They always do, eventually. Unaddressed in the paper is the effect of CMHC policies, which, in expanding the amount of mortgage insurance outstanding to a gargantuan extent, has thoroughly distorted the market, leading to today’s very high (although not necessarily excessive) debt levels and very high (although not necessarily excessive) housing prices.

It was a mixed day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualDiscounts up 3bp, FixedResets off 7bp and DeemedRetractibles gaining 2bp. Volatility was average. Volume was low.

There’s no smoking gun, but staff turnover may have played a role in the JPMorgan data breach:

As hackers pierced JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s (JPM) defenses in June, the bank’s cybersecurity chief was just getting acquainted with his employer and its sprawling technology infrastructure.

Greg Rattray, a former U.S. Air Force commander for information warfare, became JPMorgan’s head of information security that month after upheaval at the highest levels of the bank’s tech division. His predecessor, Anthony Belfiore, had resigned early this year to join at least five JPMorgan leaders at First Data Corp. In between, Anish Bhimani was acting security officer while holding at least one other tech role.
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JPMorgan’s technology leaders began leaving after April 2013, when the bank’s co-chief operating officer, Frank Bisignano, 55, departed to become CEO of First Data, the Atlanta-based payment processor. He has known Dimon since the 1980s, serving as his longtime deputy. Bisignano’s last job at JPMorgan included a focus on technology and security.

He was joined a few months later by Guy Chiarello, JPMorgan’s chief information officer since 2007, who became First Data’s president. Chiarello is an industry veteran who was previously CIO at Morgan Stanley, where he spent more than two decades.

Tom Higgins, JPMorgan’s head of operational control in charge of physical and technology security, also joined First Data. So did Cindy Armine, JPMorgan’s compliance chief, and Christine Larsen, a JPMorgan executive vice president in charge of process improvement and enterprise-program management.

This is a guy I like:

[Founder of ThinkTank Learning Steven] Ma, a former hedge fund analyst, makes bets on student admissions the way a trader plays the commodities markets. Using 12 variables from a student’s profile—from grades and test scores to extracurricular activities and immigration status—Ma’s software crunches the odds of admission to a range of top-shelf colleges. His proprietary algorithm assigns varying weights to different parameters, derived from his analysis of the successes and failures of thousands of students he’s coached over the years. Ma’s algorithm, for example, predicts that a U.S.-born high school senior with a 3.8 GPA, an SAT score of 2,000 (out of 2,400), moderate leadership credentials, and 800 hours of extracurricular activities, has a 20.4 percent chance of admission to New York University and a 28.1 percent shot at the University of Southern California. Those odds determine the fee ThinkTank charges that student for its guaranteed consulting package: $25,931 to apply to NYU and $18,826 for USC.
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College admissions officers and other educators scoff at Ma’s guarantees; they say no one can predict acceptances to elite colleges because grades and scores are only one part of the highly subjective process. Ma counters that anything can be quantified. His algorithm runs so-called inference calculations using the profile data from thousands of ThinkTank students who’ve already racked up acceptances and rejections from top schools. “With enough data,” he says, “nothing is subjective.”

It’s an interesting article; I find the current emphasis on extracurricular activities to be very strange. Who cares? Is there any reason to believe that they make you a better person, even supposing that being a good person should have any influence on university acceptance?

It is my belief that whatever might have been the case when precious little extracurricular activities were less pervasive, they now measure little more than willingness to jump through arbitrary hoops – and in many cases, “willingness” is a secondary matter, given that you need forty ‘community hours’ to graduate from high school. I think the emphasis on these things does more to breed hypocrisy and robotic obedience than good citizenship – and Mr. Ma’s systematic gaming of the system is a good illustration!

More regulations imply more games. Some consider this news:

Banks in the European Union that attempt to evade new bonus rules face a “coordinated policy response” from the bloc’s regulators.

Michel Barnier, the EU’s financial-services chief, called for action on the “politically very important matter” of lenders that have turned to so-called allowances to get around an EU ban on bonuses worth more than twice fixed pay.
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Barclays Plc (BARC), HSBC Holdings Plc (HSBA), Lloyds Banking Group Plc (LLOY) and Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc are among banks that have introduced allowances in response to the bonus limit. Lenders have warned that the cap will harm their competitiveness and force them to increase fixed pay.

Allowances, also known as role-based pay, are a regularly adjustable part of employees’ pay packets. They are considered by the banks to be part of salary unaffected by the bonus cap.

Some consider enormous housing-related consumer debt to be a problem. Some don’t.:

Sweden’s Social Democrats are heading for a national election victory backed by housing plans that could dig the country deeper into debt.

Magdalena Andersson, the party’s economic spokeswoman and the likely finance minister if the Social Democrat-led opposition prevails in this month’s election, has proposed using state-owned bank SBAB to bring down mortgage rates, already at four-year lows, to make housing more affordable. Andersson, whose party would boost spending on healthcare and education as well as housing, also suggested relaxing some rules designed to stem the growth in household debt, which is at an all-time high.
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The country’s housing shortage, a consequence of a growing population and strict regulations that stymie new construction, has caused prices to more than double since 2000. As home values have jumped, so has household borrowing. It increased 5.5 percent in July — the most in 34 months — driven by a 5.8 percent increase in mortgage borrowing, Statistics Sweden said Aug. 27. Swedish households with mortgages owe their creditors an average of almost four times their disposable income while the overall average debt load of Swedes is about 175 percent.

It was a mixed day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualDiscounts gaining 4bp, FixedResets down 8bp and DeemedRetractibles off 3bp. Volatility was below average. Volume was extremely low.

US jobs numbers disappointed:

Payrolls climbed by 142,000 workers, less than the 230,000 median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg and the smallest gain this year, data from the Labor Department showed today. The unemployment rate fell to 6.1 percent from 6.2 percent in July as people left the workforce.

… but it’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good:

U.S. stocks rose a fifth week, giving the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (SPX) its longest rally this year, as investors speculated weaker jobs growth will prevent the Federal Reserve from raising rates sooner than anticipated.

European shares rallied for a fourth week after the region’s central bank boosted stimulus. Emerging-market equities advanced, led by Russia’s Micex Index, after Ukraine and rebels agreed to a cease-fire. Producers of consumer products led U.S. stocks higher, while energy shares sank as oil tumbled for the sixth time in seven weeks. Apple Inc. (AAPL) dropped the most since February after a competitor introduced new smartphones.

The S&P 500 rose 0.2 percent to a record 2,007.71, reversing losses on the final day after three straight declines. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (INDU) added 38.91 points, or 0.2 percent, to 17,137.36, ending the week less than one point from an all-time high.

Canadian numbers were even worse:

Employment in Canada’s private sector is at a standstill.

While monthly employment readings have seesawed through the year, one trend is clear: Private companies are in no mood to hire, having shed a record 111,800 jobs in August, according to Statistics Canada.

Month-to-month measures have been volatile but the longer-term view shows full-time and private positions have barely budged in a year, while eight in 10 new jobs have been part-time.
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Private-sector hiring tumbled as the manufacturing, trade and professional services sectors cut jobs. The share of people working in manufacturing has ebbed to a record low this summer. The public sector added 14,000 jobs and self employment rose by 86,900, a record gain.

The outsized readings on private-sector losses and self-employment gains raised eyebrows. Bank of Nova Scotia economists Derek Holt and Dov Zigler called the numbers “very fishy” and advised clients to be “very careful” in drawing conclusions from the monthly data.

Skepticism over the data comes after the agency was forced to correct its July jobs numbers. That month saw a gain of 41,700 positions rather than the 200 jobs it had originally reported, a mistake attributed to an incomplete understanding of changes that occurred in the redesign of its survey.

The broader picture shows employment levels in the private sector “has been relatively flat since the fall of 2013,” Statistics Canada observed.

It was a good day for the Canadian preferred share market, with PerpetualDiscounts winning 15bp, FixedResets up 11bp and DeemedRetractibles gaining 3bp. Volatility was good, dominated by winning FixedResets. Volume was low.