Revenues at HFT firms from U.S. equities trading were an estimated $1.1 billion last year, down from $7.2 billion in 2009, according to research firm Tabb Group.
…
Such strategies are more successful when markets are volatile, because big price swings offer traders more opportunities to capture profits. But volatility has come down drastically since the years just after the global financial crisis. The CBOE Volatility Index, or VIX, a measure of U.S. stock market volatility, has averaged just 11.6 so far this year, down from 24.2 in 2011, according to the WSJ Market Data Group.
…
It is an expensive arms race. When many high-speed traders got their start in the 2000s, the leading technology for transmitting data was fiber-optic cable.
But starting in 2010, the speediest firms began to use microwave networks, shaving milliseconds off the time it takes to transmit information on routes such as the Chicago-New York corridor. Upgrading to microwave networks—and later millimeter-wave and laser technology—added to the costs, traders say. All this hurt HFT firms’ bottom lines just as slumping volatility was eroding their top-line revenues.
…
HFT firms also grumble about mounting costs for the market data they buy from operators like the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq Inc., as well as for co-location, the practice of putting a computer server directly in the exchange’s data center to cut down the time it takes to execute trades.
PerpetualDiscounts now yield 5.21%, equivalent to 6.77% interest at the standard equivalency factor of 1.3x. Long corporates now yield about 4.05%, so the pre-tax interest-equivalent spread (in this context, the “Seniority Spread” is now about 270bp, a significant widening from the 260bp reported March 15.
| Performance Highlights |
| Issue |
Index |
Change |
Notes |
| PWF.PR.A |
Floater |
-3.05 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 14.30
Evaluated at bid price : 14.30
Bid-YTW : 3.33 % |
| MFC.PR.M |
FixedReset |
-2.33 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.36
Bid-YTW : 6.07 % |
| SLF.PR.H |
FixedReset |
-2.29 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 19.61
Bid-YTW : 6.61 % |
| MFC.PR.N |
FixedReset |
-2.21 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.28
Bid-YTW : 6.06 % |
| IAG.PR.G |
FixedReset |
-2.16 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.61
Bid-YTW : 5.57 % |
| CU.PR.C |
FixedReset |
-2.00 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.51
Evaluated at bid price : 21.51
Bid-YTW : 4.21 % |
| MFC.PR.I |
FixedReset |
-1.91 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.54
Bid-YTW : 5.67 % |
| PWF.PR.S |
Perpetual-Discount |
-1.84 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 23.03
Evaluated at bid price : 23.45
Bid-YTW : 5.17 % |
| MFC.PR.K |
FixedReset |
-1.84 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 20.82
Bid-YTW : 6.24 % |
| MFC.PR.G |
FixedReset |
-1.81 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.83
Bid-YTW : 5.36 % |
| SLF.PR.G |
FixedReset |
-1.76 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 16.18
Bid-YTW : 8.76 % |
| PWF.PR.T |
FixedReset |
-1.65 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 22.34
Evaluated at bid price : 22.67
Bid-YTW : 4.02 % |
| HSE.PR.A |
FixedReset |
-1.64 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 15.57
Evaluated at bid price : 15.57
Bid-YTW : 4.53 % |
| MFC.PR.L |
FixedReset |
-1.61 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 20.79
Bid-YTW : 6.30 % |
| BAM.PR.B |
Floater |
-1.53 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 12.22
Evaluated at bid price : 12.22
Bid-YTW : 3.86 % |
| RY.PR.J |
FixedReset |
-1.46 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 22.42
Evaluated at bid price : 23.01
Bid-YTW : 4.21 % |
| MFC.PR.F |
FixedReset |
-1.41 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 15.40
Bid-YTW : 9.39 % |
| SLF.PR.I |
FixedReset |
-1.40 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.60
Bid-YTW : 5.37 % |
| TD.PF.B |
FixedReset |
-1.39 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.56
Evaluated at bid price : 21.95
Bid-YTW : 4.01 % |
| BMO.PR.S |
FixedReset |
-1.38 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.70
Evaluated at bid price : 22.15
Bid-YTW : 4.03 % |
| IFC.PR.C |
FixedReset |
-1.38 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.50
Bid-YTW : 5.79 % |
| RY.PR.M |
FixedReset |
-1.37 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 22.36
Evaluated at bid price : 22.99
Bid-YTW : 4.09 % |
| TD.PF.A |
FixedReset |
-1.34 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.86
Evaluated at bid price : 22.10
Bid-YTW : 3.99 % |
| CU.PR.I |
FixedReset |
-1.32 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2020-12-01
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 26.15
Bid-YTW : 3.26 % |
| BNS.PR.Y |
FixedReset |
-1.31 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2022-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.55
Bid-YTW : 4.27 % |
| BAM.PR.C |
Floater |
-1.30 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 12.14
Evaluated at bid price : 12.14
Bid-YTW : 3.89 % |
| BIP.PR.A |
FixedReset |
-1.28 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 22.50
Evaluated at bid price : 23.15
Bid-YTW : 5.06 % |
| MFC.PR.J |
FixedReset |
-1.28 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.41
Bid-YTW : 5.50 % |
| BAM.PR.K |
Floater |
-1.21 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 12.26
Evaluated at bid price : 12.26
Bid-YTW : 3.85 % |
| MFC.PR.H |
FixedReset |
-1.19 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.10
Bid-YTW : 4.91 % |
| VNR.PR.A |
FixedReset |
-1.18 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.00
Bid-YTW : 4.86 % |
| POW.PR.D |
Perpetual-Discount |
-1.17 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 23.63
Evaluated at bid price : 23.90
Bid-YTW : 5.23 % |
| RY.PR.H |
FixedReset |
-1.16 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.67
Evaluated at bid price : 22.11
Bid-YTW : 3.97 % |
| RY.PR.Z |
FixedReset |
-1.07 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 21.67
Evaluated at bid price : 22.11
Bid-YTW : 3.92 % |
| IAG.PR.A |
Deemed-Retractible |
-1.05 % |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.65
Bid-YTW : 6.14 % |
| Volume Highlights |
| Issue |
Index |
Shares Traded |
Notes |
| BMO.PR.C |
FixedReset |
278,289 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2022-05-25
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 25.26
Bid-YTW : 4.33 % |
| TD.PF.G |
FixedReset |
115,567 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2021-04-30
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 26.95
Bid-YTW : 3.66 % |
| IAG.PR.G |
FixedReset |
92,662 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 22.61
Bid-YTW : 5.57 % |
| POW.PR.D |
Perpetual-Discount |
53,314 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 23.63
Evaluated at bid price : 23.90
Bid-YTW : 5.23 % |
| RY.PR.I |
FixedReset |
41,883 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2022-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.48
Bid-YTW : 3.83 % |
| BNS.PR.P |
FixedReset |
41,627 |
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2022-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.75
Bid-YTW : 3.61 % |
| There were 48 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares. |
| Wide Spread Highlights |
| Issue |
Index |
Quote Data and Yield Notes |
| SLF.PR.G |
FixedReset |
Quote: 16.18 – 16.73
Spot Rate : 0.5500
Average : 0.3483
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 16.18
Bid-YTW : 8.76 % |
| PWF.PR.A |
Floater |
Quote: 14.30 – 15.00
Spot Rate : 0.7000
Average : 0.5048
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 14.30
Evaluated at bid price : 14.30
Bid-YTW : 3.33 % |
| IFC.PR.C |
FixedReset |
Quote: 21.50 – 21.79
Spot Rate : 0.2900
Average : 0.1880
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 21.50
Bid-YTW : 5.79 % |
| GWO.PR.S |
Deemed-Retractible |
Quote: 25.10 – 25.38
Spot Rate : 0.2800
Average : 0.1792
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 25.10
Bid-YTW : 5.20 % |
| SLF.PR.H |
FixedReset |
Quote: 19.61 – 19.94
Spot Rate : 0.3300
Average : 0.2319
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Hard Maturity
Maturity Date : 2025-01-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 19.61
Bid-YTW : 6.61 % |
| PWF.PR.S |
Perpetual-Discount |
Quote: 23.45 – 23.70
Spot Rate : 0.2500
Average : 0.1584
YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2047-03-22
Maturity Price : 23.03
Evaluated at bid price : 23.45
Bid-YTW : 5.17 % |