Assiduous Reader DT writes in and says:
I have been following your blog for quite some time but I have a question that I can not find a clear answer to….
Can you explain how an issuer calculates the ‘Ratchet Rate’ of their preferred shares on a given reset date?
The prospectus for BCE.PR.S / BCE.PR.T provides an archetypal example:
The annual floating dividend rate for the first month will be equal to 80% of Prime. The dividend rate will float in relation to changes in Prime and will be adjusted upwards or downwards on a monthly basis by an adjustment factor whenever the Calculated Trading Price of the Series S Preferred Shares is $24.875 or less or $25.125 or more respectively.
The maximum monthly adjustment for changes in the Calculated Trading Price will be ±4.00% of Prime. The annual floating dividend rate applicable for a month will in no event be less than 50% of Prime or greater than Prime.
The Adjustment Factor for a month will be based on the Calculated Trading Price of the Series S Preferred Shares for the preceding month determined in accordance with the following table:
| If the Calculated Trading Price for the Preceding Month is |
The Adjustment Factor as a
Percentage of Prime shall be |
| $25.50 or more |
-4.00% |
| $25.375 and less than $25.50 |
-3.00% |
| $25.25 and less than $25.375 |
-2.00% |
| $25.125 and less than $25.25 |
-1.00% |
| Greater than $24.875 and less than $25.125 |
nil |
| Greater than $24.75 to $24.875 |
1.00% |
| Greater than $24.625 to $24.75 |
2.00% |
| Greater than $24.50 to $24.625 |
3.00% |
| $24.50 or less |
4.00% |
The maximum Adjustment Factor for any month will be ±4.00% of Prime.
This mechanism is very briefly summarized in my article Preferred Pairs.
All RatchetRate issues will be paired with a FixedFloater, but both elements will not necessarily be trading at the same time.
The Pairs Equivalency Calculator takes advantage of the known time before conversion opportunity and the fact that all these are now paying 100% of prime (and are more likely than not to continue at this rate until this time) to calculate an implied average prime rate that makes the two series equivalent. This relative value analysis can be useful; if you are enamoured of this type of share, it may turn out that your best bet is to buy the FixedFloater with the intent of converting.
The pairs currently are:
| FixedFloater |
RatchetRate |
| BAM.PR.G |
BAM.PR.E |
| BBD.PR.D |
BBD.PR.B |
| BCE.PR.T |
BCE.PR.S |
| BCE.PR.Z |
BCE.PR.Y |
| BCE.PR.A |
BCE.PR.B |
| BCE.PR.C |
BCE.PR.D |
| BCE.PR.F |
BCE.PR.E |
| BCE.PR.G |
BCE.PR.H |
| BCE.PR.R |
Not trading |
| BCE.PR.I |
Not trading |
It is the adjustment to the RatchetRate that makes these unsuitable for banks – in order to qualify at Tier 1 Capital, preferred shares must not have any provisions that provide compensation for loss of credit quality.
For those seeking to compare RatchetRates with FloatingResets, note that Prime is usually 3-Month Bills + 200bp. For this reason, we can reasonably expect that the RatchetRates currently extant will (a) trade below $25 forever and (b) remain outstanding forever and (c) that we could be wrong about (a) and (b), so don’t mortgage the house.