PrefBlog

Econbrowser‘s James Hamilton writes a good piece on Greece:

I suspect that the key fear has to do with the consequences of a default or restructuring of the debt itself. Willem Buiter estimates that French and German banks have &#8364 110 billion exposure to Greek debt, and total exposure to a potential domino effect could be huge. The WSJ today has further breakdowns, and Dow Jones reports that JP Morgan’s holdings of non-U.S. government bonds increased by $36.5 billion in 2009, while Citigroup’s increased by almost $40 B.
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And, as was the case in the 2008 difficulties, one can either view this primarily as a liquidity problem, for which we simply need the central banks to step in boldly to arrest the jitters, or as a solvency problem, in which case the policy decision is how to allocate the unavoidable capital losses among bank owners, bank creditors, and the government so as to minimize collateral damage to innocent bystanders. The fundamentals facing Greece suggest there is an overwhelming solvency component to the current problems. And the policy response so far seems to be choosing to allocate 100% of losses to the European and U.S. taxpayers.

Chatter about the potential disintegration of the Euro is starting to be heard from respected sources:

“You have the great problem of a potential disintegration of the euro,” former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, 82, said yesterday in London. “The essential element of discipline in economic policy and in fiscal policy that was hoped for” has “so far not been rewarded in some countries.”

That story, by the way, leads off with an anecdote about dairy products:

Romano Prodi recalls how he persuaded Germany to allow debt-swamped Italy into the euro: support our membership and we’ll buy your milk, he said.

When Prodi toured Germany’s agricultural heartland after becoming Italian leader in 1996, he pitched “a big milk pipeline from Bavaria,” pointing to a three-year, 40 percent plunge in the Italian lira that was hurting dairy sales.

See? That’s the source of the problem! Here in smug Canada, we know how to do it properly … charge single mums and their kids extortionate prices for dairy products, so quota owners may continue to enjoy a bucolic lifestyle.

Click for Big

OSFI’s Mark White gave a speech reviewing the P&C industry.

A little more detail has emerged regarding the futures sale suspected to be the proximate cause of last week’s bungee jump.

Comrade Peace Prize’s administration has made it clear that it regards Swap pricing to be a public utility and that the role of government is to ensure that incompetent portfolio managers may continue to earn a good living:

Removing the Derivatives Trading Requirement to Protect Wall Street Profits. Under the current bill, standard derivatives would have to be traded on exchanges or other electronic trading platforms. Expect amendments to eliminate this trading requirement. Why? Because not everyone likes transparency. Today, the big derivatives dealers make big profits by charging end-users extra spreads and hidden fees, and they don’t want that to change.

This administration has learned nothing from TRACE. As soon as you get transparency, liquidity disappears. An ultimately, you will create more bungee jumps. On a positive note, however, it appears that regulatory capture is becoming an issue, albeit in a different field:

Obama said the federal government also shares some of the blame [for the Gulf of Mexico underwater oil blowout]. He faulted the Minerals Management Service for having too close a relationship with the industry it regulates. BP got an exclusion from a National Environmental Policy Act review by the agency for its damaged well in the Gulf.

“It seems as if permits were too often issued based on little more than assurances of safety from the oil companies,” Obama said. “That cannot and will not happen anymore.”

He ordered Interior Secretary Ken Salazar to “conduct a top-to-bottom reform” of the agency, including a review of its procedures for assessing the environmental impact of an offshore drilling plans.

Salazar said in a statement that will be “an important part of the ongoing comprehensive and thorough investigation of this incident.”

Obama previously announced plans to split the service’s responsibilities, which now include both enforcing rig safety rules and joining with companies such as BP and Exxon Mobil Corp. to develop oil and gas reserves while collecting royalties.

Volume on the Canadian preferred share market was way down today, reaching normal levels, as PerpetualDiscounts gained 4bp and FixedResets lost 8bp.

Credit ratings may be politicized:

The Senate in a 64-35 vote today approved an amendment to the financial overhaul legislation that would create a ratings board overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The panel would assign a credit-rating company to rank an offering.
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Under Franken’s amendment, the SEC would determine the size of the board. The majority of members would be investors, at least one member would be from a credit-rating company and at least one member would be from an investment bank.

The board would conduct an annual assessment of each credit-rating company to scrutinize the firm’s accuracy in grading debt compared with competitors, according to the amendment. While credit-rating companies would set fees, the SEC would have authority to make sure payments are “reasonable.”

For the proposal to form a credit-rating board to become binding, lawmakers would have to approve the broader financial reform measure and President Barack Obama would have to sign the legislation.

Not quite as bad as the EU’s plan to create a government-run agency that won’t be so mean to poor old Greece, but close!

The Canadian preferred share market was quieter today, with PerpetualDiscounts gaining 4bp and FixedResets losing 1bp. Volume was down to levels only slightly above normal – whatever normal means! – but the day was enlivened by the announcement of a Sun Life Financial FixedReset, 4.35%+141, to settle May 25.

Worries regarding Greek debt are affecting Argentina:

Argentine bonds tumbled last week, with the yield on 7 percent dollar bonds due in 2015 soaring 2.36 percentage points in three days, amid concern that Greece’s financial crisis would spread across Europe. The debt rallied since European leaders unveiled an almost $1 trillion bailout plan, climbing for a third day today as yields fell 17 basis points, or 0.17 percentage point, to 12.55 percent.

[Economy Minister Amado] Boudou, in New York to meet with creditors ahead of tomorrow’s deadline for institutional investors to tender their defaulted bonds without penalty, said the government is convinced the proposal for restructuring $20 billion of defaulted debt held out of a 2005 settlement is “the last opportunity” for investors.
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Argentina hasn’t tapped international credit markets since defaulting on $95 billion of debt in 2001.
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Argentina’s offer included securities due in 2033 worth 33.7 cents on the dollar, warrants linked to gross domestic product and past due interest with the 2017 bonds. The government didn’t offer to include past-due payments on the GDP warrants, and said it was considering a concurrent sale of $1 billion in additional 2017 bonds as part of the exchange.

Argentina’s offer — as measured in net-present value terms — is worth about 45.5 cents on the dollar for institutional investors, according to RBS Securities Inc. debt strategist Siobhan Morden. The value of the 2005 exchange was 59.63 cents on the dollar, Credit Suisse Group AG said.

Investigators of the May 6 Bungee Jump have identified a candidate trigger point:

Regulators examining the causes of the brief stock market free fall last Thursday are looking closely at heavy selling in the market for stock-index futures by a single trader, beginning 10 minutes before stock prices began to plummet.

Gary Gensler, the chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, said at a Congressional hearing on Tuesday that during that crucial time period, the futures trader, whom he would not identify, accounted for about 9 percent of trading volume in the most actively traded stock-index derivative contract, known as the 500 e-mini futures contract.

All of the trader’s orders were to sell, Mr. Gensler said, while most of the other 250 traders who were active in the same market that day were both buying and selling securities.
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The identity of the trader remained unclear. Terrence A. Duffy, executive chairman of the CME Group, which operates the Chicago exchange, said on Tuesday: “We obviously won’t divulge that market information. We are in contact with the folks that did the trade. There is no question that it is a bona fide hedger” and not someone intending to disrupt the markets.

There have been previous reports that the proximate cause was a $7.5-million options trade.

SEC Commissioner Luis Aguilar has released statement on fiduciary responsibility which aims to “clarify” earlier remarks (discussed on PrefBlog on April 30:

Currently, investors are receiving investment advice from broker-dealers who are not fiduciaries. This has serious and real consequences for investors who may not receive advice that is in their best interest. Moreover, investors may not be told that the broker-dealer registered representative sitting across from them may receive undisclosed compensation from the investment option he or she just recommended.

The big problem I have is his earlier insistence that institutional investors need the protection of a fiduciary relationship – which simply adds another layer to costs. Retail investors, as well, should be allowed to invest for themselves (if they’re not fiduciary to themselves, who is?) if they want to; or choose a fiduciary relationship.

I highlighted the savage effects of credible action in Greece on April 30. Moody’s is expecting credit effects to be severe:

Moody’s Investors Service lowered 22 billion euros ($28 billion) of Greek bonds backed by loans to consumers and companies as the country adopts austerity measures to qualify for European aid, leaving the notes under review for further downgrades.

The cuts “were prompted by Moody’s expectations of significant pool performance deterioration due to the stressed economic environment in Greece as well as increased operational risk due to the weakened financial strength of Greek banks,” the New York-based ratings company said today in a statement.

The securities, which are part of 23 transactions, included 10.7 billion euro of notes backed by residential mortgages, 3.9 billion euro of collateralized loan obligations, and an additional 7.2 billion euro of other asset-backed debt, according to the statement. The bonds appear less creditworthy considering “Greece’s austerity package and the resulting impact on the Greek economy and collateral performance,” Moody’s said.

Continued heavy volume today and, wonder of wonders, PerpetualDiscounts gained 11bp, while FixedResets gained 29bp. Volatility was high.

PerpetualDiscounts now yield 6.40%, equivalent to 8.96% interest at the standard equivalency factor of 1.4x. Long corporates now yield about 5.7%, so the pre-tax interest-equivalent spread is now about 325bp, a mild (and perhaps spurious) decline from the 330bp reported on May 5.