Here’s a piece by Kristian Blickle of the New York Fed titled Pandemics Change Cities: Municipal Spending and Voter Extremism in Germany, 1918-1933:
We merge several historical data sets from Germany to show that influenza mortality in 1918-1920 is correlated with societal changes, as measured by municipal spending and city-level extremist voting, in the subsequent decade. First, influenza deaths are associated with lower per capita spending, especially on services consumed by the young. Second, influenza deaths are correlated with the share of votes received by extremist parties in 1932 and 1933. Our election results are robust to controlling for city spending, demographics, war-related population changes, city-level wages, and regional unemployment, and to instrumenting influenza mortality. We conjecture that our findings may be the consequence of long-term societal changes brought about by a pandemic.
… and a BBC piece on the Middle East:
The Middle East has many reasons to fear the coronavirus pandemic, but it has one big advantage when it comes to resisting it. Most people in the region are young.
A rough average is that at least 60% are under the age of 30. That makes them less susceptible to developing Covid-19, the illness that has killed so many people in countries with older populations.
Most governments in the region saw what was happening elsewhere and had time to impose curfews and social distancing measures.
But that is where the Middle East’s advantages end. Years of strife in the world’s least stable region have left weaknesses that the pandemic is sure to deepen.
…
Those same young people who have the best chance of resisting the virus were, before it hit, leading demonstrations against their governments.Every country has its own grievances, but in the Arab Middle East the protests have centred on corruption, cronyism and reform. Corrupt elites are accused of siphoning off public money that should have gone into public services, not least hospitals.
…
Young people who refused orders to clear the streets for months will not be enjoying the irony that the coronavirus has forced them indoors.When they emerge they will find the economies that failed miserably to generate jobs for them are now in even worse shape.
The result will be more anger, deepened but not created by the dangers and frustrations of this pandemic year. Leaders will have even fewer options.
So, we may be living in interesting times.
HIMIPref™ Preferred Indices These values reflect the December 2008 revision of the HIMIPref™ Indices Values are provisional and are finalized monthly |
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Index | Mean Current Yield (at bid) |
Median YTW |
Median Average Trading Value |
Median Mod Dur (YTW) |
Issues | Day’s Perf. | Index Value |
Ratchet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.5992 % | 1,458.7 |
FixedFloater | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.5992 % | 2,676.7 |
Floater | 5.29 % | 5.56 % | 35,712 | 14.53 | 4 | 1.5992 % | 1,542.6 |
OpRet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.3890 % | 3,325.8 |
SplitShare | 4.99 % | 5.85 % | 65,431 | 3.90 | 7 | 0.3890 % | 3,971.7 |
Interest-Bearing | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.3890 % | 3,098.8 |
Perpetual-Premium | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0026 % | 2,884.0 |
Perpetual-Discount | 5.82 % | 6.00 % | 87,828 | 13.85 | 35 | 0.0026 % | 3,093.4 |
FixedReset Disc | 6.37 % | 5.26 % | 201,806 | 14.77 | 83 | 0.6979 % | 1,785.5 |
Deemed-Retractible | 5.60 % | 5.89 % | 96,051 | 13.77 | 27 | 0.4348 % | 3,028.8 |
FloatingReset | 4.97 % | 5.11 % | 63,330 | 15.29 | 3 | 0.9406 % | 1,777.7 |
FixedReset Prem | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.6979 % | 2,469.3 |
FixedReset Bank Non | 1.99 % | 3.22 % | 186,978 | 1.70 | 2 | -0.0206 % | 2,771.9 |
FixedReset Ins Non | 6.63 % | 5.44 % | 124,265 | 14.30 | 22 | 0.8446 % | 1,793.9 |
Performance Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Change | Notes |
BAM.PF.E | FixedReset Disc | -8.95 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 12.11 Evaluated at bid price : 12.11 Bid-YTW : 6.59 % |
PWF.PR.P | FixedReset Disc | -5.67 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.48 Evaluated at bid price : 9.48 Bid-YTW : 5.33 % |
IAF.PR.B | Deemed-Retractible | -3.20 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 19.36 Evaluated at bid price : 19.36 Bid-YTW : 6.02 % |
TRP.PR.H | FloatingReset | -2.97 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 7.52 Evaluated at bid price : 7.52 Bid-YTW : 5.11 % |
BAM.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | -1.97 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 11.42 Evaluated at bid price : 11.42 Bid-YTW : 6.21 % |
PWF.PR.L | Perpetual-Discount | -1.27 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 20.93 Evaluated at bid price : 20.93 Bid-YTW : 6.14 % |
BIP.PR.F | FixedReset Disc | -1.25 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 19.75 Evaluated at bid price : 19.75 Bid-YTW : 6.55 % |
IAF.PR.I | FixedReset Ins Non | -1.25 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.85 Evaluated at bid price : 15.85 Bid-YTW : 5.48 % |
W.PR.K | FixedReset Disc | -1.21 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.99 Evaluated at bid price : 23.66 Bid-YTW : 5.57 % |
BAM.PR.N | Perpetual-Discount | -1.13 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 20.08 Evaluated at bid price : 20.08 Bid-YTW : 6.00 % |
BIK.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | -1.10 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.04 Evaluated at bid price : 22.50 Bid-YTW : 6.58 % |
IFC.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | -1.02 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.50 Evaluated at bid price : 15.50 Bid-YTW : 5.40 % |
CM.PR.O | FixedReset Disc | 1.02 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 13.90 Evaluated at bid price : 13.90 Bid-YTW : 5.37 % |
TRP.PR.F | FloatingReset | 1.02 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.90 Evaluated at bid price : 9.90 Bid-YTW : 5.52 % |
RY.PR.Q | FixedReset Disc | 1.03 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 23.99 Evaluated at bid price : 24.45 Bid-YTW : 5.05 % |
SLF.PR.C | Deemed-Retractible | 1.03 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 19.54 Evaluated at bid price : 19.54 Bid-YTW : 5.77 % |
SLF.PR.B | Deemed-Retractible | 1.05 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 21.10 Evaluated at bid price : 21.10 Bid-YTW : 5.77 % |
PVS.PR.D | SplitShare | 1.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Hard Maturity Maturity Date : 2021-10-08 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.76 Bid-YTW : 5.77 % |
RY.PR.H | FixedReset Disc | 1.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.21 Evaluated at bid price : 15.21 Bid-YTW : 4.74 % |
IFC.PR.I | Perpetual-Discount | 1.09 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.78 Evaluated at bid price : 23.15 Bid-YTW : 5.94 % |
CM.PR.Q | FixedReset Disc | 1.12 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.41 Evaluated at bid price : 14.41 Bid-YTW : 5.57 % |
BAM.PR.R | FixedReset Disc | 1.14 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 11.55 Evaluated at bid price : 11.55 Bid-YTW : 5.95 % |
MFC.PR.K | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.14 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.18 Evaluated at bid price : 14.18 Bid-YTW : 5.31 % |
NA.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | 1.16 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 17.40 Evaluated at bid price : 17.40 Bid-YTW : 5.65 % |
BNS.PR.H | FixedReset Disc | 1.18 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.82 Evaluated at bid price : 23.20 Bid-YTW : 4.98 % |
MFC.PR.Q | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.18 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.43 Evaluated at bid price : 15.43 Bid-YTW : 5.38 % |
RY.PR.N | Perpetual-Discount | 1.20 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.48 Evaluated at bid price : 22.82 Bid-YTW : 5.36 % |
TRP.PR.B | FixedReset Disc | 1.22 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 7.48 Evaluated at bid price : 7.48 Bid-YTW : 5.66 % |
CM.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | 1.28 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 19.75 Evaluated at bid price : 19.75 Bid-YTW : 5.14 % |
BMO.PR.S | FixedReset Disc | 1.30 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.80 Evaluated at bid price : 14.80 Bid-YTW : 5.03 % |
IFC.PR.C | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.35 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.00 Evaluated at bid price : 15.00 Bid-YTW : 5.19 % |
TD.PF.B | FixedReset Disc | 1.36 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.96 Evaluated at bid price : 14.96 Bid-YTW : 4.89 % |
SLF.PR.I | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.40 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.25 Evaluated at bid price : 15.25 Bid-YTW : 5.29 % |
BAM.PR.C | Floater | 1.43 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 7.80 Evaluated at bid price : 7.80 Bid-YTW : 5.56 % |
CM.PR.Y | FixedReset Disc | 1.46 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 20.80 Evaluated at bid price : 20.80 Bid-YTW : 5.20 % |
BAM.PF.I | FixedReset Disc | 1.55 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.56 Evaluated at bid price : 22.90 Bid-YTW : 5.29 % |
PWF.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | 1.55 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 13.72 Evaluated at bid price : 13.72 Bid-YTW : 5.69 % |
TD.PF.A | FixedReset Disc | 1.56 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.96 Evaluated at bid price : 14.96 Bid-YTW : 4.87 % |
NA.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | 1.57 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 16.81 Evaluated at bid price : 16.81 Bid-YTW : 5.26 % |
RY.PR.O | Perpetual-Discount | 1.60 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.51 Evaluated at bid price : 22.85 Bid-YTW : 5.36 % |
IFC.PR.E | Deemed-Retractible | 1.61 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.27 Evaluated at bid price : 22.66 Bid-YTW : 5.79 % |
BIP.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | 1.62 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 21.60 Evaluated at bid price : 22.00 Bid-YTW : 6.15 % |
GWO.PR.N | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.25 Evaluated at bid price : 9.25 Bid-YTW : 4.66 % |
BMO.PR.W | FixedReset Disc | 1.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.80 Evaluated at bid price : 14.80 Bid-YTW : 4.94 % |
SLF.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.66 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.20 Evaluated at bid price : 9.20 Bid-YTW : 4.95 % |
PWF.PR.A | Floater | 1.69 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.05 Evaluated at bid price : 9.05 Bid-YTW : 4.74 % |
HSE.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | 1.76 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 11.00 Evaluated at bid price : 11.00 Bid-YTW : 9.13 % |
NA.PR.S | FixedReset Disc | 1.78 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.88 Evaluated at bid price : 14.88 Bid-YTW : 5.18 % |
MFC.PR.N | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.81 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.05 Evaluated at bid price : 14.05 Bid-YTW : 5.36 % |
CU.PR.I | FixedReset Disc | 1.87 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 23.85 Evaluated at bid price : 24.50 Bid-YTW : 4.63 % |
GWO.PR.L | Deemed-Retractible | 1.97 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 23.58 Evaluated at bid price : 23.85 Bid-YTW : 5.99 % |
RY.PR.Z | FixedReset Disc | 2.01 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.25 Evaluated at bid price : 15.25 Bid-YTW : 4.66 % |
MFC.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | 2.27 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.32 Evaluated at bid price : 15.32 Bid-YTW : 5.55 % |
TRP.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | 2.61 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 11.81 Evaluated at bid price : 11.81 Bid-YTW : 5.64 % |
BAM.PR.K | Floater | 2.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 7.75 Evaluated at bid price : 7.75 Bid-YTW : 5.60 % |
RY.PR.M | FixedReset Disc | 2.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.10 Evaluated at bid price : 15.10 Bid-YTW : 5.02 % |
BIP.PR.B | FixedReset Disc | 2.95 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 22.07 Evaluated at bid price : 22.70 Bid-YTW : 6.11 % |
SLF.PR.A | Deemed-Retractible | 3.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 20.85 Evaluated at bid price : 20.85 Bid-YTW : 5.77 % |
TD.PF.D | FixedReset Disc | 3.21 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.75 Evaluated at bid price : 15.75 Bid-YTW : 5.10 % |
TRP.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | 3.64 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 8.54 Evaluated at bid price : 8.54 Bid-YTW : 5.73 % |
MFC.PR.H | FixedReset Ins Non | 4.03 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 16.25 Evaluated at bid price : 16.25 Bid-YTW : 5.64 % |
SLF.PR.J | FloatingReset | 4.21 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 9.41 Evaluated at bid price : 9.41 Bid-YTW : 4.43 % |
HSE.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | 4.62 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 6.12 Evaluated at bid price : 6.12 Bid-YTW : 8.91 % |
BAM.PR.X | FixedReset Disc | 10.05 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 10.18 Evaluated at bid price : 10.18 Bid-YTW : 5.63 % |
TD.PF.E | FixedReset Disc | 13.48 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 16.25 Evaluated at bid price : 16.25 Bid-YTW : 5.07 % |
Volume Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Shares Traded |
Notes |
BNS.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | 124,825 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 24.55 Evaluated at bid price : 24.87 Bid-YTW : 5.18 % |
BMO.PR.W | FixedReset Disc | 77,000 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.80 Evaluated at bid price : 14.80 Bid-YTW : 4.94 % |
TD.PF.A | FixedReset Disc | 75,675 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.96 Evaluated at bid price : 14.96 Bid-YTW : 4.87 % |
NA.PR.W | FixedReset Disc | 64,176 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.12 Evaluated at bid price : 14.12 Bid-YTW : 5.27 % |
TD.PF.C | FixedReset Disc | 54,800 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 15.11 Evaluated at bid price : 15.11 Bid-YTW : 4.95 % |
TD.PF.B | FixedReset Disc | 53,830 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-05-05 Maturity Price : 14.96 Evaluated at bid price : 14.96 Bid-YTW : 4.89 % |
There were 37 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares. |
Wide Spread Highlights | ||
Issue | Index | Quote Data and Yield Notes |
BIP.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 22.00 – 24.24 Spot Rate : 2.2400 Average : 1.4938 YTW SCENARIO |
TD.PF.D | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 15.75 – 18.80 Spot Rate : 3.0500 Average : 2.3823 YTW SCENARIO |
IAF.PR.B | Deemed-Retractible | Quote: 19.36 – 20.99 Spot Rate : 1.6300 Average : 1.1318 YTW SCENARIO |
RY.PR.M | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 15.10 – 16.85 Spot Rate : 1.7500 Average : 1.3353 YTW SCENARIO |
BAM.PF.E | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 12.11 – 13.55 Spot Rate : 1.4400 Average : 1.0585 YTW SCENARIO |
BMO.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 18.17 – 19.00 Spot Rate : 0.8300 Average : 0.5317 YTW SCENARIO |