September 14, 2020

There’s a couple of preferred share lawsuits brewing:

Both client groups allege that throughout 2017 and the first half of 2018, Mr. Liu recommended a new investment strategy that “assured safety” of their principal and provided “reasonable” investment returns.

Shortly after, clients allege they were instead placed in a high-risk strategy that involved short-selling bonds – particularly Canadian government bonds – to purchase long positions in preferred shares, many of which had variable rates or rates that reset based on interest rate movement.

According to court documents, Mr. Liu further advised the clients to begin trading on margin – investing using borrowed money – in order to purchase a larger amount of preferred shares. In some instances, clients allege Mr. Liu engaged in this strategy without informing them or seeking their permission.

None of the clients were told it was “a high-risk, speculative strategy” that was inconsistent with their low-risk investment objectives, the suit alleges.

Shorting governments is similar in investment characteristics to taking a mortgage … see this comment and my answer which refers back to this old comment and my answer. One of the risks I didn’t mention was price risk – the risk that the market values of the two sides of the position could move against you. Unless something else goes wrong, this shouldn’t hurt a long-term investor … but what were the investors in this strategy told?

Eventually, we get down to the same old question: just what the hell does “risk” mean, anyway?

HIMIPref™ Preferred Indices
These values reflect the December 2008 revision of the HIMIPref™ Indices

Values are provisional and are finalized monthly
Index Mean
Current
Yield
(at bid)
Median
YTW
Median
Average
Trading
Value
Median
Mod Dur
(YTW)
Issues Day’s Perf. Index Value
Ratchet 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 1.8116 % 1,667.1
FixedFloater 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 1.8116 % 3,059.0
Floater 5.10 % 5.12 % 58,125 15.32 3 1.8116 % 1,762.9
OpRet 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.2032 % 3,550.1
SplitShare 4.79 % 4.38 % 38,440 3.66 7 0.2032 % 4,239.5
Interest-Bearing 0.00 % 0.00 % 0 0.00 0 0.2032 % 3,307.8
Perpetual-Premium 5.36 % 4.88 % 77,858 6.83 17 0.0880 % 3,117.6
Perpetual-Discount 5.24 % 5.31 % 90,255 14.91 17 0.4405 % 3,500.5
FixedReset Disc 5.45 % 4.18 % 127,643 16.38 68 -0.1201 % 2,097.2
Deemed-Retractible 5.04 % 4.88 % 114,628 15.12 27 0.1685 % 3,444.7
FloatingReset 2.89 % 2.16 % 50,292 1.36 3 -0.2476 % 1,786.8
FixedReset Prem 5.27 % 4.55 % 253,829 0.91 11 0.0504 % 2,610.6
FixedReset Bank Non 1.96 % 2.30 % 130,388 1.35 2 -0.0808 % 2,832.6
FixedReset Ins Non 5.74 % 4.47 % 90,193 16.16 22 -0.2745 % 2,101.7
Performance Highlights
Issue Index Change Notes
BAM.PR.Z FixedReset Disc -9.94 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 15.00
Evaluated at bid price : 15.00
Bid-YTW : 5.90 %
TRP.PR.G FixedReset Disc -7.34 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 14.26
Evaluated at bid price : 14.26
Bid-YTW : 5.88 %
TD.PF.D FixedReset Disc -3.22 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 19.52
Evaluated at bid price : 19.52
Bid-YTW : 4.10 %
IAF.PR.G FixedReset Ins Non -2.90 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 18.05
Evaluated at bid price : 18.05
Bid-YTW : 4.53 %
CU.PR.C FixedReset Disc -2.31 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 16.05
Evaluated at bid price : 16.05
Bid-YTW : 4.42 %
SLF.PR.J FloatingReset -2.13 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 9.20
Evaluated at bid price : 9.20
Bid-YTW : 4.24 %
MFC.PR.I FixedReset Ins Non -1.95 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 18.65
Evaluated at bid price : 18.65
Bid-YTW : 4.50 %
TD.PF.I FixedReset Disc -1.72 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 21.76
Evaluated at bid price : 22.25
Bid-YTW : 3.93 %
PWF.PR.T FixedReset Disc -1.52 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 16.22
Evaluated at bid price : 16.22
Bid-YTW : 4.70 %
BNS.PR.I FixedReset Disc -1.33 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 20.05
Evaluated at bid price : 20.05
Bid-YTW : 3.98 %
BMO.PR.D FixedReset Disc -1.06 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.20
Evaluated at bid price : 22.50
Bid-YTW : 4.03 %
MFC.PR.K FixedReset Ins Non -1.04 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 16.15
Evaluated at bid price : 16.15
Bid-YTW : 4.47 %
BAM.PR.M Perpetual-Discount 1.02 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 21.85
Evaluated at bid price : 22.09
Bid-YTW : 5.38 %
BIP.PR.A FixedReset Disc 1.04 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 17.48
Evaluated at bid price : 17.48
Bid-YTW : 5.65 %
CU.PR.I FixedReset Disc 1.06 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 24.00
Evaluated at bid price : 24.85
Bid-YTW : 4.51 %
TD.PF.A FixedReset Disc 1.08 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 17.76
Evaluated at bid price : 17.76
Bid-YTW : 4.03 %
BAM.PR.N Perpetual-Discount 1.16 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 21.78
Evaluated at bid price : 22.03
Bid-YTW : 5.40 %
BAM.PF.D Perpetual-Discount 1.24 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.84
Evaluated at bid price : 23.13
Bid-YTW : 5.30 %
BAM.PF.I FixedReset Disc 1.24 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.87
Evaluated at bid price : 24.25
Bid-YTW : 4.94 %
BAM.PF.J FixedReset Disc 1.30 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.75
Evaluated at bid price : 23.35
Bid-YTW : 5.07 %
TD.PF.B FixedReset Disc 1.31 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 17.77
Evaluated at bid price : 17.77
Bid-YTW : 4.05 %
BAM.PF.H FixedReset Disc 1.31 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.69
Evaluated at bid price : 24.55
Bid-YTW : 5.06 %
NA.PR.E FixedReset Disc 1.32 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 19.16
Evaluated at bid price : 19.16
Bid-YTW : 4.18 %
IFC.PR.G FixedReset Ins Non 1.36 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 18.00
Evaluated at bid price : 18.00
Bid-YTW : 4.46 %
BAM.PR.C Floater 1.45 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 8.38
Evaluated at bid price : 8.38
Bid-YTW : 5.12 %
BIP.PR.D FixedReset Disc 1.60 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.49
Evaluated at bid price : 22.88
Bid-YTW : 5.46 %
BIP.PR.B FixedReset Disc 1.65 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.89
Evaluated at bid price : 24.70
Bid-YTW : 5.55 %
IFC.PR.C FixedReset Ins Non 1.77 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 16.35
Evaluated at bid price : 16.35
Bid-YTW : 4.66 %
BAM.PR.B Floater 1.92 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 8.45
Evaluated at bid price : 8.45
Bid-YTW : 5.08 %
IFC.PR.I Perpetual-Premium 1.95 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2029-03-31
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 25.21
Bid-YTW : 5.28 %
BAM.PR.K Floater 2.06 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 8.37
Evaluated at bid price : 8.37
Bid-YTW : 5.13 %
IAF.PR.B Deemed-Retractible 2.83 % YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.36
Evaluated at bid price : 23.65
Bid-YTW : 4.86 %
Volume Highlights
Issue Index Shares
Traded
Notes
CM.PR.R FixedReset Disc 106,750 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.26
Evaluated at bid price : 23.62
Bid-YTW : 4.06 %
BMO.PR.B FixedReset Prem 49,925 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 23.81
Evaluated at bid price : 25.17
Bid-YTW : 4.37 %
SLF.PR.C Deemed-Retractible 47,255 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.68
Evaluated at bid price : 22.92
Bid-YTW : 4.85 %
BMO.PR.D FixedReset Disc 46,340 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.20
Evaluated at bid price : 22.50
Bid-YTW : 4.03 %
BAM.PF.D Perpetual-Discount 39,300 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 22.84
Evaluated at bid price : 23.13
Bid-YTW : 5.30 %
RY.PR.R FixedReset Prem 35,475 YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Call
Maturity Date : 2021-08-24
Maturity Price : 25.00
Evaluated at bid price : 25.40
Bid-YTW : 4.14 %
There were 19 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares.
Wide Spread Highlights
Issue Index Quote Data and Yield Notes
IAF.PR.G FixedReset Ins Non Quote: 18.05 – 20.00
Spot Rate : 1.9500
Average : 1.4508

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 18.05
Evaluated at bid price : 18.05
Bid-YTW : 4.53 %

TRP.PR.G FixedReset Disc Quote: 14.26 – 15.70
Spot Rate : 1.4400
Average : 1.1412

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 14.26
Evaluated at bid price : 14.26
Bid-YTW : 5.88 %

TD.PF.D FixedReset Disc Quote: 19.52 – 20.54
Spot Rate : 1.0200
Average : 0.7402

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 19.52
Evaluated at bid price : 19.52
Bid-YTW : 4.10 %

MFC.PR.N FixedReset Ins Non Quote: 16.10 – 17.80
Spot Rate : 1.7000
Average : 1.4785

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 16.10
Evaluated at bid price : 16.10
Bid-YTW : 4.53 %

BAM.PR.Z FixedReset Disc Quote: 15.00 – 17.05
Spot Rate : 2.0500
Average : 1.8300

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 15.00
Evaluated at bid price : 15.00
Bid-YTW : 5.90 %

BAM.PF.E FixedReset Disc Quote: 14.68 – 15.30
Spot Rate : 0.6200
Average : 0.4475

YTW SCENARIO
Maturity Type : Limit Maturity
Maturity Date : 2050-09-14
Maturity Price : 14.68
Evaluated at bid price : 14.68
Bid-YTW : 5.27 %

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