There’s a couple of preferred share lawsuits brewing:
Both client groups allege that throughout 2017 and the first half of 2018, Mr. Liu recommended a new investment strategy that “assured safety” of their principal and provided “reasonable” investment returns.
Shortly after, clients allege they were instead placed in a high-risk strategy that involved short-selling bonds – particularly Canadian government bonds – to purchase long positions in preferred shares, many of which had variable rates or rates that reset based on interest rate movement.
According to court documents, Mr. Liu further advised the clients to begin trading on margin – investing using borrowed money – in order to purchase a larger amount of preferred shares. In some instances, clients allege Mr. Liu engaged in this strategy without informing them or seeking their permission.
None of the clients were told it was “a high-risk, speculative strategy” that was inconsistent with their low-risk investment objectives, the suit alleges.
Shorting governments is similar in investment characteristics to taking a mortgage … see this comment and my answer which refers back to this old comment and my answer. One of the risks I didn’t mention was price risk – the risk that the market values of the two sides of the position could move against you. Unless something else goes wrong, this shouldn’t hurt a long-term investor … but what were the investors in this strategy told?
Eventually, we get down to the same old question: just what the hell does “risk” mean, anyway?
HIMIPref™ Preferred Indices These values reflect the December 2008 revision of the HIMIPref™ Indices Values are provisional and are finalized monthly |
|||||||
Index | Mean Current Yield (at bid) |
Median YTW |
Median Average Trading Value |
Median Mod Dur (YTW) |
Issues | Day’s Perf. | Index Value |
Ratchet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.8116 % | 1,667.1 |
FixedFloater | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.8116 % | 3,059.0 |
Floater | 5.10 % | 5.12 % | 58,125 | 15.32 | 3 | 1.8116 % | 1,762.9 |
OpRet | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.2032 % | 3,550.1 |
SplitShare | 4.79 % | 4.38 % | 38,440 | 3.66 | 7 | 0.2032 % | 4,239.5 |
Interest-Bearing | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.2032 % | 3,307.8 |
Perpetual-Premium | 5.36 % | 4.88 % | 77,858 | 6.83 | 17 | 0.0880 % | 3,117.6 |
Perpetual-Discount | 5.24 % | 5.31 % | 90,255 | 14.91 | 17 | 0.4405 % | 3,500.5 |
FixedReset Disc | 5.45 % | 4.18 % | 127,643 | 16.38 | 68 | -0.1201 % | 2,097.2 |
Deemed-Retractible | 5.04 % | 4.88 % | 114,628 | 15.12 | 27 | 0.1685 % | 3,444.7 |
FloatingReset | 2.89 % | 2.16 % | 50,292 | 1.36 | 3 | -0.2476 % | 1,786.8 |
FixedReset Prem | 5.27 % | 4.55 % | 253,829 | 0.91 | 11 | 0.0504 % | 2,610.6 |
FixedReset Bank Non | 1.96 % | 2.30 % | 130,388 | 1.35 | 2 | -0.0808 % | 2,832.6 |
FixedReset Ins Non | 5.74 % | 4.47 % | 90,193 | 16.16 | 22 | -0.2745 % | 2,101.7 |
Performance Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Change | Notes |
BAM.PR.Z | FixedReset Disc | -9.94 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 15.00 Evaluated at bid price : 15.00 Bid-YTW : 5.90 % |
TRP.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | -7.34 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 14.26 Evaluated at bid price : 14.26 Bid-YTW : 5.88 % |
TD.PF.D | FixedReset Disc | -3.22 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 19.52 Evaluated at bid price : 19.52 Bid-YTW : 4.10 % |
IAF.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | -2.90 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 18.05 Evaluated at bid price : 18.05 Bid-YTW : 4.53 % |
CU.PR.C | FixedReset Disc | -2.31 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 16.05 Evaluated at bid price : 16.05 Bid-YTW : 4.42 % |
SLF.PR.J | FloatingReset | -2.13 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 9.20 Evaluated at bid price : 9.20 Bid-YTW : 4.24 % |
MFC.PR.I | FixedReset Ins Non | -1.95 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 18.65 Evaluated at bid price : 18.65 Bid-YTW : 4.50 % |
TD.PF.I | FixedReset Disc | -1.72 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 21.76 Evaluated at bid price : 22.25 Bid-YTW : 3.93 % |
PWF.PR.T | FixedReset Disc | -1.52 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 16.22 Evaluated at bid price : 16.22 Bid-YTW : 4.70 % |
BNS.PR.I | FixedReset Disc | -1.33 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 20.05 Evaluated at bid price : 20.05 Bid-YTW : 3.98 % |
BMO.PR.D | FixedReset Disc | -1.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.20 Evaluated at bid price : 22.50 Bid-YTW : 4.03 % |
MFC.PR.K | FixedReset Ins Non | -1.04 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 16.15 Evaluated at bid price : 16.15 Bid-YTW : 4.47 % |
BAM.PR.M | Perpetual-Discount | 1.02 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 21.85 Evaluated at bid price : 22.09 Bid-YTW : 5.38 % |
BIP.PR.A | FixedReset Disc | 1.04 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 17.48 Evaluated at bid price : 17.48 Bid-YTW : 5.65 % |
CU.PR.I | FixedReset Disc | 1.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 24.00 Evaluated at bid price : 24.85 Bid-YTW : 4.51 % |
TD.PF.A | FixedReset Disc | 1.08 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 17.76 Evaluated at bid price : 17.76 Bid-YTW : 4.03 % |
BAM.PR.N | Perpetual-Discount | 1.16 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 21.78 Evaluated at bid price : 22.03 Bid-YTW : 5.40 % |
BAM.PF.D | Perpetual-Discount | 1.24 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.84 Evaluated at bid price : 23.13 Bid-YTW : 5.30 % |
BAM.PF.I | FixedReset Disc | 1.24 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.87 Evaluated at bid price : 24.25 Bid-YTW : 4.94 % |
BAM.PF.J | FixedReset Disc | 1.30 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.75 Evaluated at bid price : 23.35 Bid-YTW : 5.07 % |
TD.PF.B | FixedReset Disc | 1.31 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 17.77 Evaluated at bid price : 17.77 Bid-YTW : 4.05 % |
BAM.PF.H | FixedReset Disc | 1.31 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.69 Evaluated at bid price : 24.55 Bid-YTW : 5.06 % |
NA.PR.E | FixedReset Disc | 1.32 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 19.16 Evaluated at bid price : 19.16 Bid-YTW : 4.18 % |
IFC.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.36 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 18.00 Evaluated at bid price : 18.00 Bid-YTW : 4.46 % |
BAM.PR.C | Floater | 1.45 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 8.38 Evaluated at bid price : 8.38 Bid-YTW : 5.12 % |
BIP.PR.D | FixedReset Disc | 1.60 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.49 Evaluated at bid price : 22.88 Bid-YTW : 5.46 % |
BIP.PR.B | FixedReset Disc | 1.65 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.89 Evaluated at bid price : 24.70 Bid-YTW : 5.55 % |
IFC.PR.C | FixedReset Ins Non | 1.77 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 16.35 Evaluated at bid price : 16.35 Bid-YTW : 4.66 % |
BAM.PR.B | Floater | 1.92 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 8.45 Evaluated at bid price : 8.45 Bid-YTW : 5.08 % |
IFC.PR.I | Perpetual-Premium | 1.95 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Call Maturity Date : 2029-03-31 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 25.21 Bid-YTW : 5.28 % |
BAM.PR.K | Floater | 2.06 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 8.37 Evaluated at bid price : 8.37 Bid-YTW : 5.13 % |
IAF.PR.B | Deemed-Retractible | 2.83 % | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.36 Evaluated at bid price : 23.65 Bid-YTW : 4.86 % |
Volume Highlights | |||
Issue | Index | Shares Traded |
Notes |
CM.PR.R | FixedReset Disc | 106,750 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.26 Evaluated at bid price : 23.62 Bid-YTW : 4.06 % |
BMO.PR.B | FixedReset Prem | 49,925 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 23.81 Evaluated at bid price : 25.17 Bid-YTW : 4.37 % |
SLF.PR.C | Deemed-Retractible | 47,255 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.68 Evaluated at bid price : 22.92 Bid-YTW : 4.85 % |
BMO.PR.D | FixedReset Disc | 46,340 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.20 Evaluated at bid price : 22.50 Bid-YTW : 4.03 % |
BAM.PF.D | Perpetual-Discount | 39,300 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Limit Maturity Maturity Date : 2050-09-14 Maturity Price : 22.84 Evaluated at bid price : 23.13 Bid-YTW : 5.30 % |
RY.PR.R | FixedReset Prem | 35,475 | YTW SCENARIO Maturity Type : Call Maturity Date : 2021-08-24 Maturity Price : 25.00 Evaluated at bid price : 25.40 Bid-YTW : 4.14 % |
There were 19 other index-included issues trading in excess of 10,000 shares. |
Wide Spread Highlights | ||
Issue | Index | Quote Data and Yield Notes |
IAF.PR.G | FixedReset Ins Non | Quote: 18.05 – 20.00 Spot Rate : 1.9500 Average : 1.4508 YTW SCENARIO |
TRP.PR.G | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 14.26 – 15.70 Spot Rate : 1.4400 Average : 1.1412 YTW SCENARIO |
TD.PF.D | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 19.52 – 20.54 Spot Rate : 1.0200 Average : 0.7402 YTW SCENARIO |
MFC.PR.N | FixedReset Ins Non | Quote: 16.10 – 17.80 Spot Rate : 1.7000 Average : 1.4785 YTW SCENARIO |
BAM.PR.Z | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 15.00 – 17.05 Spot Rate : 2.0500 Average : 1.8300 YTW SCENARIO |
BAM.PF.E | FixedReset Disc | Quote: 14.68 – 15.30 Spot Rate : 0.6200 Average : 0.4475 YTW SCENARIO |